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diff --git a/docs/TR-20210808100000-IA-WDS-REFCAT/.gitignore b/docs/TR-20210808100000-IA-WDS-REFCAT/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5040d53 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/TR-20210808100000-IA-WDS-REFCAT/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +*.log +*.aux +*.bbl +*.blg +*.out diff --git a/docs/TR-20210808100000-IA-WDS-REFCAT/LICENSE b/docs/TR-20210808100000-IA-WDS-REFCAT/LICENSE new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9f5c70f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/TR-20210808100000-IA-WDS-REFCAT/LICENSE @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +MIT License + +Copyright (c) 2017 Ruoho Ruotsi + +Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy +of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal +in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights +to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell +copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is +furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: + +The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all +copies or substantial portions of the Software. + +THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR +IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, +FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE +AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER +LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, +OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE +SOFTWARE. diff --git a/docs/TR-20210808100000-IA-WDS-REFCAT/Makefile b/docs/TR-20210808100000-IA-WDS-REFCAT/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000..11264f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/TR-20210808100000-IA-WDS-REFCAT/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +main.pdf: main.tex + latexindent -w main.tex && rm -f main.bak* + pdflatex main.tex + bibtex main + pdflatex main.tex + pdflatex main.tex + + +.PHONY: clean +clean: + rm -f main.pdf + rm -f main.aux + rm -f main.log + rm -f main.bbl + rm -f main.blg + rm -f main.out + diff --git a/docs/TR-20210808100000-IA-WDS-REFCAT/README.md b/docs/TR-20210808100000-IA-WDS-REFCAT/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3a56517 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/TR-20210808100000-IA-WDS-REFCAT/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +# latex-template-arxiv-preprint +A simple LaTeX template for Technical Reports, arXiv preprints & 2-column Conference papers diff --git a/docs/TR-20210808100000-IA-WDS-REFCAT/figure.pdf b/docs/TR-20210808100000-IA-WDS-REFCAT/figure.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b21876a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/TR-20210808100000-IA-WDS-REFCAT/figure.pdf diff --git a/docs/TR-20210808100000-IA-WDS-REFCAT/main.pdf b/docs/TR-20210808100000-IA-WDS-REFCAT/main.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..3b431cc --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/TR-20210808100000-IA-WDS-REFCAT/main.pdf diff --git a/docs/TR-20210808100000-IA-WDS-REFCAT/main.tex b/docs/TR-20210808100000-IA-WDS-REFCAT/main.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e4febd9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/TR-20210808100000-IA-WDS-REFCAT/main.tex @@ -0,0 +1,362 @@ +\documentclass[hidelinks,10pt,twocolumn]{article} +\usepackage{simpleConference} +\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} +\usepackage{times} +\usepackage{graphicx} +\usepackage{natbib} +\usepackage{doi} +\usepackage{amssymb} +\usepackage{url,hyperref} +\usepackage{booktabs} % professional-quality tables +\usepackage{amsfonts} % blackboard math symbols +\usepackage{nicefrac} % compact symbols for 1/2, etc. +\usepackage{caption} + +\usepackage{datetime} +\providecommand{\keywords}[1]{\textbf{\textit{Index terms---}} #1} +\setlength{\parindent}{0pt} + +\begin{document} + +\title{Fatcat Reference Dataset} + +\author{Martin Czygan \\ + \\ + Internet Archive \\ + San Francisco, California, USA \\ + martin@archive.org \\ + \and + Bryan Newbold \\ + \\ + Internet Archive \\ + San Francisco, California, USA \\ + bnewbold@archive.org \\ + \\ +} + + +\maketitle +\thispagestyle{empty} + + +\begin{abstract} + As part of its scholarly data efforts, the Internet Archive releases a first version of a citation + graph dataset, named \emph{refcat}, derived from scholarly publications and + additional data sources. It is composed of data gathered by the fatcat + cataloging project\footnote{\url{https://fatcat.wiki}}, related web-scale + crawls targeting primary and secondary scholarly outputs, as well as metadata + from the Open Library\footnote{\url{https://openlibrary.org}} project and + Wikipedia\footnote{\url{https://wikipedia.org}}. This first version of the + graph consists of 1,323,423,672 citations. We release this dataset under a CC0 + Public Domain Dedication, accessible through an archive + item\footnote{\url{https://archive.org/details/refcat_2021-07-28}}. All + code used in the derivation process is released under an MIT + license\footnote{\url{https://gitlab.com/internetarchive/cgraph}}. +\end{abstract} + +\keywords{Citation Graph, Web Archiving} + +\section{Introduction} + + +The Internet Archive releases a first version of a citation graph dataset +derived from a raw corpus of about 2.5B references gathered from metadata and +data obtained by PDF extraction tools such as +GROBID\cite{lopez2009grobid}. Additionally, we consider integration with +metadata from Open Library and Wikipedia. +The goal of this report is to describe briefly the current contents and the +derivation of the dataset. We expect +this dataset to be iterated upon, with changes both in content and processing. + +Modern citation indexes can be traced back to the early computing age, when +projects like the Science Citation Index (1955)\citep{garfield2007evolution} +were first devised, living on in existing commercial knowledge bases today. +Open alternatives were started such as the Open Citations Corpus (OCC) in 2010 +- the first version of which contained 6,325,178 individual +references\citep{shotton2013publishing}. Other notable early projects +include CiteSeerX\citep{wu2019citeseerx} and CitEc\citep{CitEc}. The last +decade has seen the emergence of more openly available, large scale +citation projects like Microsoft Academic\citep{sinha2015overview} or the +Initiative for Open Citations\citep{i4oc}\citep{shotton2018funders}. In 2021, +according to \citep{hutchins2021tipping} over 1B citations are publicly +available, marking a tipping point for this category of data. + +\section{Related Work} + +There are a few large scale citation dataset available today. COCI, the +``OpenCitations Index of Crossref open DOI-to-DOI citations'' was first +released 2018-07-29. As of its most recent release\footnote{\url{https://opencitations.net/download}}, on +2021-07-29, it contains +1,094,394,688 citations across 65,835,422 bibliographic +resources\citep{peroni2020opencitations}. + +The WikiCite\footnote{\url{https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCite}} project, +``a Wikimedia initiative to develop open citations and linked bibliographic +data to serve free knowledge'' continously adds citations to its database and +as of 2021-06-28 tracks 253,719,394 citations across 39,994,937 +publications\footnote{\url{http://wikicite.org/statistics.html}}. + +Microsoft Academic Graph\citep{sinha2015overview} is comprised of a number of +entities\footnote{\url{https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/academic-services/graph/reference-data-schema}} +with \emph{PaperReferences} being one relation among many others. As of 2021-06-07\footnote{A recent copy has been preserved at + \url{https://archive.org/details/mag-2021-06-07}} the +\emph{PaperReferences} relation contains 1,832,226,781 rows (edges) across 123,923,466 +bibliographic entities. + +Numerous other projects have been or are concerned with various aspects of +citation discovery and curation as part their feature set, among them Semantic +Scholar\citep{fricke2018semantic}, CiteSeerX\citep{li2006citeseerx} or Aminer\citep{tang2016aminer}. + +As mentioned in \citep{hutchins2021tipping}, the number of openly available +citations is not expected to shrink in the future. + + +\section{Dataset} + +We release the first version of the \emph{refcat} dataset in an format used +internally for storage and to serve queries (and which we call \emph{biblioref} +or \emph{bref} for short). The dataset includes metadata from fatcat, the +Open Library Project and inbound links from the English Wikipedia. The fatcat +project itself aggregates data from variety of open data sources, such as +Crossref\citep{crossref}, PubMed\citep{canese2013pubmed}, +DataCite\citep{brase2009datacite}, DOAJ\citep{doaj}, dblp\citep{ley2002dblp} and others, +as well as metadata generated from analysis of data preserved at the Internet +Archive and active crawls of publication sites on the web. + +The dataset is +integrated into the \href{https://fatcat.wiki}{fatcat website} and allows users +to explore inbound and outbound references\cite{fatcatguidereferencegraph}. + +The format records source and target (fatcat release and work) identifiers, a +few attributes from the metadata (such as year or release stage) as well as +information about the match status and provanance. + +The dataset currently contains 1,323,423,672 citations across 76,327,662 +entities (55,123,635 unique source and 60,244,206 unique target work +identifiers; for 1,303,424,212 - or 98.49\% of all citations - we do have a DOI +for both source and target). +The majority of matches - 1,250,523,321 - are established through identifier +based matching (DOI, PMIC, PMCID, ARXIV, ISBN). 72,900,351 citations are +established through fuzzy matching techniques. + +The majority of citations between \emph{refcat} and COCI overlap, as can be +seen in~Table~\ref{table:cocicmp}. + +\begin{table}[] + \begin{center} + \begin{tabular}{ll} + \toprule + \bf{Set} & \bf{Count} \\ + + \midrule + COCI (C) & 1,094,394,688 \\ + \emph{refcat-doi} (R) & 1,303,424,212 \\ % zstdcat -T0 /magna/refcat/2021-07-28/BrefDOITable/date-2021-07-28.tsv.zst | pv -l | LC_ALL=C sort -T /sandcrawler-db/tmp-refcat/ -S70% -k3,4 -u | zstd -c -T0 > uniq_34.tsv.zst + C $\cap$ R & 1,007,539,966 \\ + C $\setminus$ R & 86,854,309 \\ + R $\setminus$ C & 295,884,246 + \end{tabular} + \vspace*{2mm} + \caption{Comparison between COCI and \emph{refcat-doi}, a subset of + \emph{refcat} where entities have a known DOI. At least 50\% of the + 295,884,246 references only in \emph{refcat-doi} come from links + recorded within a specific dataset provider (GBIF, DOI prefix: + 10.15468).} + \label{table:cocicmp} + \end{center} +\end{table} + +% zstdcat -T0 /magna/refcat/2021-07-28/BrefDOITable/date-2021-07-28.tsv.zst | pv -l | LC_ALL=C sort -T /sandcrawler-db/tmp-refcat/ -S70% -k3,4 -u | zstd -c -T0 > uniq_34.tsv.zst +% zstdcat -T0 uniq_34.tsv.zst | pv -l | LC_ALL=C cut -f3,4 | zstd -c -T0 > uniq_34_doi.tsv.zst +% find . -name "*.csv" | parallel -j 16 "LC_ALL=C grep -v ^oci, {} | LC_ALL=C cut -d, -f2,3" | pv -l | zstd -c -T0 > ../6741422v10_doi_only.csv.zst + + +\section{System Design} + +The constraints for the systems design are informed by the volume and the +variety of the data. The capability to run the whole graph derivation on a +single machine was a minor goal as well. In total, the raw inputs amount to a +few terabytes of textual content, mostly newline delimited JSON. More +importantly, while the number of data fields is low, certain schemas are very +partial with hundreds of different combinations of available field values found +in the raw reference data. This is most likely caused by aggregators passing on +reference data coming from hundreds of sources, each of which not necessarily +agreeing on a common granularity for citation data and from artifacts of +machine learning based structured data extraction tools. + +Each combination of fields may require a slightly different processing path. +For example, references with an Arxiv identifier can be processed differently +from references with only a title. Over 50\% of the raw reference data comes +from a set of eight field set manifestations, as listed in +Table~\ref{table:fields}. + +\begin{table}[] + \begin{center} + \begin{tabular}{ll} + \toprule + \bf{Fields} & \bf{Percentage} \\ + \midrule + \multicolumn{1}{l}{CN $\cdot$ RN $\cdot$ P $\cdot$ T $\cdot$ U $\cdot$ V $\cdot$ Y} & 14\% \\ + \multicolumn{1}{l}{\textbf{DOI}} & 14\% \\ + \multicolumn{1}{l}{CN $\cdot$ CRN $\cdot$ IS $\cdot$ P $\cdot$ T $\cdot$ U $\cdot$ V $\cdot$ Y} & 5\% \\ + \multicolumn{1}{l}{CN $\cdot$ CRN $\cdot$ \textbf{DOI} $\cdot$ U $\cdot$ V $\cdot$ Y} & 4\% \\ + \multicolumn{1}{l}{\textbf{PMID} $\cdot$ U} & 4\% \\ + \multicolumn{1}{l}{CN $\cdot$ CRN $\cdot$ \textbf{DOI} $\cdot$ T $\cdot$ V $\cdot$ Y} & 4\% \\ + \multicolumn{1}{l}{CN $\cdot$ CRN $\cdot$ Y} & 4\% \\ + \multicolumn{1}{l}{CN $\cdot$ CRN $\cdot$ \textbf{DOI} $\cdot$ V $\cdot$ Y} & 4\% \\ + \end{tabular} + \vspace*{2mm} + \caption{Top 8 combinations of available fields in raw reference data + accounting for about 53\% of the total data (CN = container name, CRN = + contrib raw name, P = pages, T = title, U = unstructured, V = volume, IS = + issue, Y = year, DOI = doi, PMID = pmid). Unstructured fields may contain any value. Identifiers emphasized.} + \label{table:fields} + \end{center} +\end{table} + +Overall, a map-reduce style\citep{dean2010mapreduce} approach is +followed\footnote{While the operations are similar, the processing is not + distributed but runs on a single machine. For space efficiency, zstd\citep{collet2018zstandard} is used to compress raw data and derivations.}, which allows +for some +uniformity in the overall processing. We extract (key, document) tuples (as +TSV) from the raw JSON data and sort by key. We then group documents with the +same key and apply a function on each group in order to generate +our target schema or perform +additional operations such as deduplication or fusion of matched and unmatched references. + +The key derivation can be exact (via an identifier like DOI, PMID, etc) or +based on a value normalization, like slugifying a title string. For identifier +based matches we can generate the target schema directly. For fuzzy matching +candidates, we pass possible match pairs through a verification procedure, +which is implemented for \emph{release entity}\footnote{\url{https://guide.fatcat.wiki/entity_release.html}.} pairs. This procedure is a +domain dependent rule based verification, able to identify different versions +of a publication, preprint-published pairs and documents, which are +are similar by various metrics calculated over title and author fields. The fuzzy matching +approach is applied on all reference documents without identifier (a title is +currently required). + +With a few schema conversions, fuzzy matching can be applied to Wikipedia +articles and Open Library (edition) records as well. The aspect of precision +and recall are represented by the two stages: we are generous in the match +candidate generation phase in order to improve recall, but we are strict during +verification, in order to control precision. Quality assurance for verification is +implemented through a growing list of test cases of real examples from the catalog and +their expected or desired match status\footnote{The list can be found under: + \url{https://gitlab.com/internetarchive/cgraph/-/blob/master/skate/testdata/verify.csv}. + It is helpful to keep this test suite independent of any specific programming language.}. + + +\section{Limitations and Future Work} + +As other dataset in this field we expect this dataset to be iterated upon. + +\begin{itemize} + \item The fatcat catalog updates its metadata + continously\footnote{A changelog can currenly be followed here: + \url{https://fatcat.wiki/changelog}} and web crawls are conducted + regularly. Current processing pipelines cover raw reference snapshot + creation and derivation of the graph structure, which allows to rerun + processing based on updated data as it becomes available. + + \item Metadata extraction from PDFs depends on supervised machine learning + models, which in turn depend on available training datasets. With additional crawls and + metadata available we hope to improve models used for metadata + extraction, improving yield and reducing data extraction artifacts in + the process. + + \item As of this version, a number of raw reference + docs remain unmatched, which means that neither exact nor fuzzy matching + has detected a link to a known entity. On the one + hand, this can hint at missing metadata. However, parts of the data + will contain a reference to a catalogued entity, but in a specific, + dense and harder to recover form. + This also include improvements to the fuzzy matching approach. + \item The reference dataset contains millions of URLs and their integration + into the graph has been implemented as prototype. A full implementation + requires a few data cleanup and normalization steps. +\end{itemize} + +\section{Acknowledgements} + +This work is partially supported by a grant from the \emph{Andrew W. Mellon + Foundation}. + + +\section{Appendix A} + + +A note on data quality: While we implement various data quality measures, +real-world data, especially coming from many different sources will contain +issues. Among other measures, we keep track of match reasons, +especially for fuzzy matching to be able to zoom in on systematic errors +more easily (see~Table~\ref{table:matches}). + +\begin{table}[] + \footnotesize + \captionsetup{font=normalsize} + \begin{center} + \begin{tabular}{@{}rlll@{}} + \toprule + \textbf{Count} & \textbf{Provenance} & \textbf{Status} & \textbf{Reason} \\ \midrule + 934932865 & crossref & exact & doi \\ + 151366108 & fatcat-datacite & exact & doi \\ + 65345275 & fatcat-pubmed & exact & pmid \\ + 48778607 & fuzzy & strong & jaccardauthors \\ + 42465250 & grobid & exact & doi \\ + 29197902 & fatcat-pubmed & exact & doi \\ + 19996327 & fatcat-crossref & exact & doi \\ + 11996694 & fuzzy & strong & slugtitleauthormatch \\ + 9157498 & fuzzy & strong & tokenizedauthors \\ + 3547594 & grobid & exact & arxiv \\ + 2310025 & fuzzy & exact & titleauthormatch \\ + 1496515 & grobid & exact & pmid \\ + 680722 & crossref & strong & jaccardauthors \\ + 476331 & fuzzy & strong & versioneddoi \\ + 449271 & grobid & exact & isbn \\ + 230645 & fatcat-crossref & strong & jaccardauthors \\ + 190578 & grobid & strong & jaccardauthors \\ + 156657 & crossref & exact & isbn \\ + 123681 & fatcat-pubmed & strong & jaccardauthors \\ + 79328 & crossref & exact & arxiv \\ + 57414 & crossref & strong & tokenizedauthors \\ + 53480 & fuzzy & strong & pmiddoipair \\ + 52453 & fuzzy & strong & dataciterelatedid \\ + 47119 & grobid & strong & slugtitleauthormatch \\ + 36774 & fuzzy & strong & arxivversion \\ + % 35311 & fuzzy & strong & customieeearxiv \\ + % 33863 & grobid & exact & pmcid \\ + % 23504 & crossref & strong & slugtitleauthormatch \\ + % 22753 & fatcat-crossref & strong & tokenizedauthors \\ + % 17720 & grobid & exact & titleauthormatch \\ + % 14656 & crossref & exact & titleauthormatch \\ + % 14438 & grobid & strong & tokenizedauthors \\ + % 7682 & fatcat-crossref & exact & arxiv \\ + % 5972 & fatcat-crossref & exact & isbn \\ + % 5525 & fatcat-pubmed & exact & arxiv \\ + % 4290 & fatcat-pubmed & strong & tokenizedauthors \\ + % 2745 & fatcat-pubmed & exact & isbn \\ + % 2342 & fatcat-pubmed & strong & slugtitleauthormatch \\ + % 2273 & fatcat-crossref & strong & slugtitleauthormatch \\ + % 1960 & fuzzy & exact & workid \\ + % 1150 & fatcat-crossref & exact & titleauthormatch \\ + % 1041 & fatcat-pubmed & exact & titleauthormatch \\ + % 895 & fuzzy & strong & figshareversion \\ + % 317 & fuzzy & strong & titleartifact \\ + % 82 & grobid & strong & titleartifact \\ + % 33 & crossref & strong & titleartifact \\ + % 5 & fuzzy & strong & custombsiundated \\ + % 1 & fuzzy & strong & custombsisubdoc \\ + % 1 & fatcat & exact & doi \\ \bottomrule + \end{tabular} + \vspace*{2mm} + \caption{Table of match counts (top 25), reference provenance, match status and + match reason. The match reason identifier encode a specific rule in the domain + dependent verification process and are included for completeness - we do not + include the details of each rule in this report.} + \label{table:matches} + \end{center} +\end{table} + +\bibliographystyle{abbrv} +% \bibliographystyle{plainnat} +\bibliography{refs} +\end{document} diff --git a/docs/TR-20210808100000-IA-WDS-REFCAT/refs.bib b/docs/TR-20210808100000-IA-WDS-REFCAT/refs.bib new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c61021e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/TR-20210808100000-IA-WDS-REFCAT/refs.bib @@ -0,0 +1,228 @@ +@inproceedings{kour2014real, + title={Real-time segmentation of on-line handwritten arabic script}, + author={Kour, George and Saabne, Raid}, + booktitle={Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR), 2014 14th International Conference on}, + pages={417--422}, + year={2014}, + organization={IEEE} +} + +@inproceedings{kour2014fast, + title={Fast classification of handwritten on-line Arabic characters}, + 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{Crossref}, +howpublished = {\url{https://crossref.org}}, +note = {Accessed: 2021-08-08} +} + +@misc{doaj, +title = {Directory of Open Access Journals}, +howpublished = {\url{https://doaj.org}}, +note = {Accessed: 2021-08-08} +} + +@inproceedings{ley2002dblp, + title={The DBLP computer science bibliography: Evolution, research issues, perspectives}, + author={Ley, Michael}, + booktitle={International symposium on string processing and information retrieval}, + pages={1--10}, + year={2002}, + organization={Springer} +} + + +@inproceedings{brase2009datacite, + title={DataCite-A global registration agency for research data}, + author={Brase, Jan}, + booktitle={2009 fourth international conference on cooperation and promotion of information resources in science and technology}, + pages={257--261}, + year={2009}, + organization={IEEE} +} + +@article{canese2013pubmed, + title={PubMed: the bibliographic database}, + author={Canese, Kathi and Weis, Sarah}, + journal={The NCBI Handbook}, + volume={2}, + pages={1}, + year={2013}, + publisher={National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)} +} + + +@article{shotton2018funders, + title={Funders should mandate open citations.}, + author={Shotton, David}, + journal={Nature}, + volume={553}, + number={7686}, + pages={129--130}, + year={2018}, + publisher={Nature Publishing Group} +} + +@article{hutchins2021tipping, + title={A tipping point for open citation data}, + author={Hutchins, B Ian}, + journal={Quantitative Science Studies}, + pages={1--5}, + year={2021} +} + +@article{silbert1970world, + title={The World's First Computerized Criminal-Justice Information-Sharing System-The New York State Identification and Intelligence System (NYSIIS)}, + author={Silbert, Jeffrey M}, + journal={Criminology}, + volume={8}, + pages={107}, + year={1970}, + publisher={HeinOnline} +} + +@article{peroni2020opencitations, + title={OpenCitations, an infrastructure organization for open scholarship}, + author={Peroni, Silvio and Shotton, David}, + journal={Quantitative Science Studies}, + volume={1}, + number={1}, + pages={428--444}, + year={2020}, + publisher={MIT Press One Rogers Street, Cambridge, MA 02142-1209, USA journals-info~…} +} + +@article{fricke2018semantic, + title={Semantic scholar}, + author={Fricke, Suzanne}, + journal={Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA}, + volume={106}, + number={1}, + pages={145}, + year={2018}, + publisher={Medical Library Association} +} + +@inproceedings{tang2016aminer, + title={AMiner: Toward understanding big scholar data}, + author={Tang, Jie}, + booktitle={Proceedings of the ninth ACM international conference on web search and data mining}, + pages={467--467}, + year={2016} +} + +@article{dean2010mapreduce, + title={MapReduce: a flexible data processing tool}, + author={Dean, Jeffrey and Ghemawat, Sanjay}, + journal={Communications of the ACM}, + volume={53}, + number={1}, + pages={72--77}, + year={2010}, + publisher={ACM New York, NY, USA} +} + +@article{collet2018zstandard, + title={Zstandard Compression and the application/zstd Media Type}, + author={Collet, Yann and Kucherawy, Murray}, + journal={RFC 8478}, + year={2018} +} + diff --git a/docs/TR-20210808100000-IA-WDS-REFCAT/simpleConference.sty b/docs/TR-20210808100000-IA-WDS-REFCAT/simpleConference.sty new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d4d4764 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/TR-20210808100000-IA-WDS-REFCAT/simpleConference.sty @@ -0,0 +1,136 @@ +% --------------------------------------------------------------- +% Style file for simple, two column conference papers. +% Based on latex8.sty by Paolo.Ienne@di.epfl.ch +% --------------------------------------------------------------- +% Use with LaTeX2e as: +% \documentclass[times,10pt,twocolumn]{article} +% \usepackage{simpleConference} +% \usepackage{times} +% --------------------------------------------------------------- +% specify references as +% \bibliographystyle{simpleConference} +% \bibliography{...your files...} +% +% use Section{} and SubSection{} instead of standard section{} +% and subsection{} to obtain headings in the form +% "1.3. My heading" +% --------------------------------------------------------------- +% ten point helvetica bold required for captions +% in some sites the name of the helvetica bold font may differ, +% change the name here: +\font\tenhv = phvb at 10pt + +% eleven point times bold required for second-order headings +\font\elvbf = ptmb scaled 1100 + +% set dimensions of columns, gap between columns, and paragraph indent +\setlength{\textheight}{8.875in} +\setlength{\textwidth}{6.875in} +\setlength{\columnsep}{0.3125in} +\setlength{\topmargin}{0in} +\setlength{\headheight}{0in} +\setlength{\headsep}{0in} +\setlength{\parindent}{1pc} +\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-.304in} +\setlength{\evensidemargin}{-.304in} + +% memento from size10.clo +% \normalsize{\@setfontsize\normalsize\@xpt\@xiipt} +% \small{\@setfontsize\small\@ixpt{11}} +% \footnotesize{\@setfontsize\footnotesize\@viiipt{9.5}} +% \scriptsize{\@setfontsize\scriptsize\@viipt\@viiipt} +% \tiny{\@setfontsize\tiny\@vpt\@vipt} +% \large{\@setfontsize\large\@xiipt{14}} +% \Large{\@setfontsize\Large\@xivpt{18}} +% \LARGE{\@setfontsize\LARGE\@xviipt{22}} +% \huge{\@setfontsize\huge\@xxpt{25}} +% \Huge{\@setfontsize\Huge\@xxvpt{30}} + +\def\@maketitle + { + \newpage + \null + \vskip .375in + \begin{center} + {\Large \bf \@title \par} + % additional two empty lines at the end of the title + \vspace*{24pt} + { + \large + \lineskip .5em + \begin{tabular}[t]{c} + \@author + \end{tabular} + \par + } + % additional small space at the end of the author name + \vskip .5em + { + \large + \begin{tabular}[t]{c} + \@affiliation + \end{tabular} + \par + \ifx \@empty \@email + \else + \begin{tabular}{r@{~}l} + E-mail: & {\tt \@email} + \end{tabular} + \par + \fi + } + % additional empty line at the end of the title block + \vspace*{12pt} + \end{center} + } + +\def\abstract + {% + \centerline{\large\bf Abstract}% + \vspace*{12pt}% +% \it% %%%% iroro - commenting out italicized abstract + } + +\def\endabstract + { + % additional empty line at the end of the abstract + \vspace*{12pt} + } + +\def\affiliation#1{\gdef\@affiliation{#1}} \gdef\@affiliation{} + +\def\email#1{\gdef\@email{#1}} +\gdef\@email{} + +\newlength{\@ctmp} +\newlength{\@figindent} +\setlength{\@figindent}{1pc} + +\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{ + \vskip 10pt + \setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{\tenhv\noindent #1.~#2} + \setlength{\@ctmp}{\hsize} + \addtolength{\@ctmp}{-\@figindent}\addtolength{\@ctmp}{-\@figindent} + % IF longer than one indented paragraph line + \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\@ctmp + % THEN set as an indented paragraph + \begin{list}{}{\leftmargin\@figindent \rightmargin\leftmargin} + \item[]\tenhv #1.~#2\par + \end{list} + \else + % ELSE center + \hbox to\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil} + \fi} + +% correct heading spacing and type +\def\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@} + {14pt plus 2pt minus 2pt}{14pt plus 2pt minus 2pt} {\large\bf}} +\def\subsection{\@startsection {subsection}{2}{\z@} + {13pt plus 2pt minus 2pt}{13pt plus 2pt minus 2pt} {\elvbf}} + +% add the period after section numbers +\newcommand{\Section}[1]{\section{\hskip -1em.~#1}} +\newcommand{\SubSection}[1]{\subsection{\hskip -1em.~#1}} + +% end of file latex8.sty +% --------------------------------------------------------------- |