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-
-The Hodgkin–Huxley model, or conductance-based model, is a mathematical model
-that describes how action potentials in neurons are initiated and propagated.
-It is a set of nonlinear differential equations that approximates the
-electrical characteristics of excitable cells such as neurons and cardiac
-myocytes, and hence it is a continuous time model, unlike the Rulkov map for
-example.
-
-Alan Lloyd Hodgkin and Andrew Fielding Huxley described the model in 1952 to
-explain the ionic mechanisms underlying the initiation and propagation of
-action potentials in the squid giant axon. They received the 1963 Nobel Prize
-in Physiology or Medicine for this work.
-
-## Mathematical properties
-
-The Hodgkin–Huxley model can be thought of as a differential equation with four
-state variables, v(t), m(t), n(t), and h(t), that change with respect to time
-t. The system is difficult to study because it is a nonlinear system and cannot
-be solved analytically. However, there are many numeric methods available to
-analyze the system. Certain properties and general behaviors, such as limit
-cycles, can be proven to exist.
-
-## Alternative Models
-
-The Hodgkin–Huxley model is regarded as one of the great achievements of 20th-century biophysics. Nevertheless, modern Hodgkin–Huxley-type models have been extended in several important ways:
-
-* Additional ion channel populations have been incorporated based on experimental data.
-
-* The Hodgkin–Huxley model has been modified to incorporate transition state
- theory and produce thermodynamic Hodgkin–Huxley models.
-
-* Models often incorporate highly complex geometries of dendrites and axons,
- often based on microscopy data.
-
-* Stochastic models of ion-channel behavior, leading to stochastic hybrid
- systems
-
-Several simplified neuronal models have also been developed (such as the
-FitzHugh–Nagumo model), facilitating efficient large-scale simulation of groups
-of neurons, as well as mathematical insight into dynamics of action potential
-generation.
-
-
-## References
-
-The body of this page is from Wikipedia (see below).
-
-#### Papers
-
-"The dual effect of membrane potential on sodium conductance in the giant axon
-of Loligo". *The Journal of Physiology*. **116** (4): 497–506. April 1952.
-doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1952.sp004719.
-
-"Currents carried by sodium and potassium ions through the membrane of the
-giant axon of Loligo". *The Journal of Physiology*. **116** (4): 449–72. April 1952.
-doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1952.sp004717.
-
-"The components of membrane conductance in the giant axon of Loligo". *The
-Journal of Physiology*. **116** (4): 473–96. April 1952.
-doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1952.sp004718.
-
-"The dual effect of membrane potential on sodium conductance in the giant axon
-of Loligo". *The Journal of Physiology*. **116** (4): 497–506. April 1952.
-doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1952.sp004719.
-
-"A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to
-conduction and excitation in nerve". *The Journal of Physiology*. **117** (4):
-500–44. August 1952. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1952.sp004764.
-
-#### Interactive Models on the Web
-
-* ModelDB: [Squid axon (Hodgkin, Huxley 1952)](https://senselab.med.yale.edu/ModelDB/ShowModel.cshtml?model=5426)
-* Wolfram Demonstrations:
- [Interactive Hodgkin-Huxley](http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/HodgkinHuxleyActionPotentialModel/)
- by Shimon Marom and
- [Neural Impulses: The Action Potential in Action](http://www.demonstrations.wolfram.com/NeuralImpulsesTheActionPotentialInAction/)
- by Garrett Neske
-* [Hodgkin-Huxley Simulation with Javascript](http://myselph.de/hodgkinHuxley.html)
- by Hubert Eichner, which creates static plots in the browser.
-* BioModels database: [](http://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels-main/BIOMD0000000020)
-
-#### Other Links
-
-* Wikipedia: [Hodgkin–Huxley model](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hodgkin%E2%80%93Huxley_model)
-* [Summary of the Hodgkin-Huxley model](http://ecee.colorado.edu/~ecen4831/HHsumWWW/HHsum.html)
-* [Hodgkin-Huxley model in R](http://www.magesblog.com/2012/06/hodgkin-huxley-model-in-r.html)