merge libmaple docs ("leaflabs-docs") into ./docs

In the past, libample documentation was forked out of this repository
because the documentation had increased in scope. For the librambutan,
and the rambutan project in general, we will try to keep documentation
closer to the source code, so the librambutan-specific documentation
should live here. Other sections of leaflabs-docs will be culled in a
following commit.

This merge attempts to maintain history by using a subtree strategy.
Followed directions at:

    http://nuclearsquid.com/writings/subtree-merging-and-you/

Full history for files should be accessible using the "--follow" flag to
git log, eg:

    git log --follow docs/source/adc.rst

It should be possible to pull patches from leaflabs-docs with:

    git pull -s subtree leaflabs-docs master

... at least until the docs in this repository diverge significantly.

1 files changed, 106 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/docs/source/lang/cpp/curly-braces.rst b/docs/source/lang/cpp/curly-braces.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df2fe2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/source/lang/cpp/curly-braces.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+.. highlight:: cpp
+
+.. _lang-curly-braces:
+
+Curly Braces (``{``, ``}``)
+===========================
+
+.. contents:: Contents
+   :local:
+
+Introduction
+------------
+
+Curly braces (also referred to as just "braces" or as "curly
+brackets") are a major part of the C and C++ programming
+languages. They are used in several different constructs, outlined
+below, and this can sometimes be confusing for beginners.
+
+An opening curly brace, ``{`` must always be followed by a closing
+curly brace ``}``. This is a condition that is often referred to as
+the braces being *balanced*. The Maple IDE (integrated development
+environment) includes a convenient feature to check the balance of
+curly braces. Just select a brace, or even click the insertion point
+immediately following a brace, and its companion will be highlighted\
+[#fbug]_\ .
+
+Beginning programmers, and programmers coming to C++ from languages
+without braces, often find using them confusing or daunting.
+
+Because the use of the curly brace is so varied, it is good
+programming practice to type the closing brace immediately after
+typing the opening brace when inserting a construct which requires
+curly braces. Then insert some blank lines between your braces and
+begin inserting statements. Your braces, and your attitude, will never
+become unbalanced.
+
+Unbalanced braces can often lead to cryptic, impenetrable compiler
+errors that can sometimes be hard to track down in a large program.
+Because of their varied usages, braces are also incredibly important
+to the syntax of a program and moving a brace one or two lines will
+usually dramatically affect the meaning of a program.
+
+The main uses of curly braces
+-----------------------------
+
+**Functions**::
+
+      // a function body needs braces around it
+      void myFunction(datatype argument) {
+        // ... function body goes in here ...
+      }
+
+**Loops** (see the :ref:`while <lang-while>`\ , :ref:`for
+<lang-for>`\ , and :ref:`do/while <lang-dowhile>` loop reference
+pages for more information)::
+
+      // you should put braces around the body of a loop:
+
+      while (boolean expression) {
+         // code inside the loop goes here
+      }
+
+      for (initialisation; termination condition; incrementing expr) {
+         // code inside the loop goes here
+      }
+
+      do {
+         // code inside the loop goes here
+      } while (boolean expression);
+
+
+**Conditional statements** (see the :ref:`if statement <lang-if>`
+reference page for more information)::
+
+      // you should put braces around the body of an "if", "else if",
+      // or "else":
+
+      if (boolean expression) {
+          // code inside the "if"
+      }
+      else if (boolean expression) {
+          // code inside the "else if"
+      }
+      else {
+          // code inside the "else"
+      }
+
+**Switch statements** (see the :ref:`switch statement
+<lang-switchcase>` reference page for more information)::
+
+      switch (var) {
+      case 1:
+          doThing1();
+          break;
+      case 2:
+          doThing2();
+          break;
+      }
+
+.. rubric:: Footnotes
+
+.. [#fbug] At present this feature is slightly buggy as the IDE will
+   often find (incorrectly) a brace in text that has been commented
+   out.
+
+.. include:: /arduino-cc-attribution.txt