merge libmaple docs ("leaflabs-docs") into ./docs

In the past, libample documentation was forked out of this repository
because the documentation had increased in scope. For the librambutan,
and the rambutan project in general, we will try to keep documentation
closer to the source code, so the librambutan-specific documentation
should live here. Other sections of leaflabs-docs will be culled in a
following commit.

This merge attempts to maintain history by using a subtree strategy.
Followed directions at:

    http://nuclearsquid.com/writings/subtree-merging-and-you/

Full history for files should be accessible using the "--follow" flag to
git log, eg:

    git log --follow docs/source/adc.rst

It should be possible to pull patches from leaflabs-docs with:

    git pull -s subtree leaflabs-docs master

... at least until the docs in this repository diverge significantly.

1 files changed, 44 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/docs/source/lang/cpp/char.rst b/docs/source/lang/cpp/char.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..686c0d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/source/lang/cpp/char.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+.. highlight:: cpp
+
+.. _lang-char:
+
+``char``
+========
+
+The ``char`` type stores a 1-byte character value (or integer with
+value from -128 to 127).  Character literals are written in single
+quotes, like this: ``'A'`` (for multiple characters - strings - use
+double quotes: ``"ABC"``).
+
+Just like everything else on a computer, characters are stored as
+numbers. You can see the specific encoding in the `ASCII chart
+<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII#ASCII_printable_characters>`_\
+. This means that it is possible to do arithmetic on characters, in
+which the ASCII value of the character is used (e.g. ``'A' + 1`` has the
+decimal value 66, since the ASCII value of the capital letter A in
+decimal is 65).  See the :ref:`Serial.println()
+<lang-serial-println>` documentation for more information about how
+characters are converted into numbers.
+
+The ``char`` datatype is a signed type, meaning that it encodes
+numbers from -128 to 127.  For an unsigned type, which stores values
+from 0 to 255, just use the type ``unsigned char`` (two words).
+
+Example
+-------
+
+::
+
+      // The following two lines are equivalent, using the ASCII
+      // character encoding:
+      char c = 'A';
+      char c = 65;
+
+See Also
+--------
+
+- :ref:`lang-int`
+- :ref:`lang-array` (a string is just an array of ``char``\ s)
+- :ref:`Serial.println() <lang-serial-println>`
+
+.. include:: cc-attribution.txt