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              "body" : "The U.S. federal government enacted fuel efficiency standards for medium and heavy trucks for the first time in September 2011. Rationales for using this policy tool typically depend upon frictions existing in the marketplace or consumers being myopic, such that vehicle purchasers undervalue the future fuel savings from increased fuel efficiency. We measure by how much long-haul truck owners undervalue future fuel savings by employing recent advances to the classic hedonic approach to estimate the distribution of willingness-to-pay for fuel efficiency. We find significant heterogeneity in truck owners' willingness to pay for fuel efficiency, with the elasticity of fuel efficiency to price ranging from 0.51 at the 10th percentile to 1.33 at the 90th percentile, and an average of 0.91. Combining these results with estimates of future fuel savings from increases in fuel efficiency, we find that long-haul truck owners' willingness-to-pay for a 1 percent increase in fuel efficiency is, on average, just 29.5 percent of the expected future fuel savings. These results suggest that introducing fuel efficiency standards for heavy trucks might be an effective policy tool to raise medium and heavy trucks' fuel economy."
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            "P339 \n FACTORS OF RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AMONG <em>LONG</em>-<em>HAUL</em> <em>TRUCKERS</em> IN A SOUTHERN NIGERIAN TOWN Background <em>Long</em>-<em>haul</em> drivers play a role in the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STI) globally. Truck drivers engage in frequent travel away from home.",
            "The study aimed to identify factors associated with commercial sexual exposure among <em>long</em>-<em>haul</em> <em>truckers</em> in a southern Nigerian town. Methods A sample of 300 <em>long</em>-<em>haul</em> <em>truckers</em> from a highway park in Ahor, southern Nigeria was recruited in a cross-sectional study."
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              "body" : "Objective-To assess the general and sexual health of long-haul truck drivers in the United States. Methods-Drivers were recruited from company sites and truck stops in North Carolina, Tennessee, and Mississippi. A sample of 266 drivers was assessed for life-style activities; body mass index and blood pressure were measured, and biologic samples were taken for cholesterol, diabetes, and STI/HIV testing. Results-The drivers in this study had higher levels of cholesterol and higher rates of smoking, obesity, and diabetes than the U.S average. STI/HIV infection rates were lower than the U.S. average. Results Study Population A total of 65.5% of the truckers who were approached at the six sites agreed to participate in the study. These volunteers were recruited from trucking companies (62.2%) or truck stops Bachmann et al."
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            "Results Study Population A total of 65.5% of the <em>truckers</em> who were approached at the six sites agreed to participate in the study. These volunteers were recruited from trucking companies (62.2%) or truck stops Bachmann et al."
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            "The eligibility criteria were: <em>long</em>-<em>haul</em> <em>truckers</em> (defined as a driver, full or part-time, who drove a truck across state lines [interstate]), and who were English speakers aged 21 or greater.",
            "Strengths and Limitations This study used a multi-site convenience sample that was recruited from truck stops and trucking companies and provided data on the general and health risks of <em>long</em>-<em>haul</em> <em>truckers</em>."
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            "., adult entertainment) off-road establishments catering to <em>truckers</em> have also been associated with drug and STI/HIV risk among <em>long</em>-<em>haul</em> <em>truckers</em>  (Apostolopoulos and Sonmez, 2007) .",
            "as members of <em>long</em>-<em>haul</em> <em>truckers</em>' multiplex networks  (Apostolopoulos and Sonmez, 2006) ."
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              "body" : "While trucking in industrialized nations is linked with driver health afflictions, the role of trucking in U.S. truckers' health remains largely unknown. This paper sheds light on links between the trucking work environment and drivers' physical health. Using a cross-sectional design, 316 truckers were enrolled in the Healthy Trucker Survey. Questions included work history, physical and mental health, and healthcare access. PASW 18 was used to examine patterns among factors. 316 truckers participated. Respondents were mainly full-time, long-haul drivers with over 5 years of experience, and who spent over 17 days on the road per month. While almost 75% described their health as good, 83.4% were overweight/obese, 57.9% had sleeping disturbances, 56.3% fatigue, 42.3% musculoskeletal disorders, and about 40% cardiovascular disease concerns. About 33% had no health insurance, 70% had no regular healthcare visits, 24.4% could not afford insurance, and 42.1% took over-the-counter drugs when sick, while 20.1% waited to reach home for medical care. Exercise facilities were unavailable in over 70% of trucking worksites and 70% of drivers did not exercise regularly. The trucking occupation places drivers at high risk for poor health outcomes. Prospective studies are needed to delve into how continued exposure to trucking influences the progression of disease burden.",
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            "acknowledgement" : "Acknowledgments We wish to express our appreciation to the all those truck drivers who took the time to participate in the study and to the managers and supervisors at trucking work settings who gave us permission to collect data at their facilities. We are also very appreciative of the University of North Carolina Greensboro's internal funding that made this study possible.",
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            "Introduction <em>Long</em>-<em>haul</em> truck driving in industrialized nations has been recognized as a highly detrimental occupation for for <em>truckers</em> and the public at large  [3] .",
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            "In this article, I consider the grounded implications of Hours of Service (HoS) regulations for the contentious mobilities of <em>long</em> <em>haul</em> <em>truckers</em>. 1 HoS regulations are a complex set of rules governing the on-and off-duty scheduling of commercial vehicle drivers.",
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            "Her mother was a <em>trucker</em> and heavy equipment operator. She has published on Indigenous post-secondary education in Canada and racial mobility politics in trucking. \n E-mail: amie_mclean@sfu.ca"
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              "body" : "Objective: The aim of this study was to examine relationships between work organization features of work hours, work schedules, and job stress with body mass indexes (BMIs) of long-haul truck drivers. Methods: Face-to-face survey data were collected first, followed by collection of anthropometric measures including height and weight (n ¼ 260). Logistic regression (backward stepwise model) was used to identify significant predictors of BMI and to analyze odds ratios. Results: Mean BMI was 33.40 kg/m2, with 64.2% obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2) and 18.4% extreme/morbidly obese (BMI > 40 kg/m2). Working more than 11 daily hours was associated with statistically significant increased odds for being extreme obese. Conclusion: Findings suggest that longer work hours (>11 hours daily) have a major influence on odds for obesity among this population. The results align with recent NIOSH calls for integrated approaches to worker health. The only two variables that we examined odds ratios for were the two statistically significant predictor variables."
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            "Objective: The aim of this study was to examine relationships between work organization features of work hours, work schedules, and job stress with body mass indexes (BMIs) of <em>long</em>-<em>haul</em> truck drivers."
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            "We also thank the <em>long</em>-<em>haul</em> truck drivers who participated in this study and extend our thanks to our graduate students Kiki Hatzudis (Public Health Education) and Doug Oberlin (Kinesiology) for their invaluable assistance in various phases of data collection."
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            "To be enrolled, drivers were required to be <em>long</em>-<em>haul</em> <em>truckers</em> planning to spend the night at the truck stop where data collection took place. From approximately 360 drivers approached for potential inclusion, 260 met the criteria and were included.",
            "DISCUSSION Findings from this study suggest that working <em>long</em> hours may be the most critical work organization feature to <em>long</em>-<em>haul</em> <em>truckers</em>."
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              "body" : "Work and sleep patterns for commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers often include long working hours, shift work and diminished sleep duration and quality, which have been linked to overweight, obesity and other problems. Aims To explore possible connections between work, sleep and obesity among CMV drivers. Methods Survey and anthropometric data were collected from male long-haul CMV drivers in central North Carolina, USA, over a period of 6 months. Drivers' body mass index (BMI) was used as a measure of total body obesity and sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) as a measure of central adiposity. Results Among the 260 study subjects, mean BMI was 33.1 (64% were obese or morbidly obese) and mean SAD was 32.3 cm, classifying 89% of drivers as being at high or very high cardiometabolic risk. About 83% of drivers worked an irregular daily schedule, 64% worked irregular total daily hours, 32% worked irregular days of the week and 46% reported getting <7 h of sleep during work nights. Significant predictors of BMI included the number of hours worked daily (P < 0.05) and the age (P < 0.01) of the driver, while age was also a significant predictor for SAD (P < 0.05). Significant predictors of sleep quality included the extent of shift work (P < 0.05) and sleep duration (P < 0.001). Conclusions Work and sleep configurations appear to affect the weight status of CMV drivers. Shift work and sleep duration are both associated with the weight status of CMV drivers, and both appear to function as indicators of their sleep quality."
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            "Methods Survey and anthropometric data were collected from male <em>long</em>-<em>haul</em> CMV drivers in central North Carolina, USA, over a period of 6 months. Drivers' body mass index (BMI) was used as a measure of total body obesity and sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) as a measure of central adiposity."
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            "Acknowledgements We would like to thank Mr Tom Liutkus, Vice President of Marketing and Public Relations for Travel Centers of America (TA), Mr Jerald Brisson, General Manager of the Whitsett, NC TA truck stop and his staff for their support, the <em>long</em>-<em>haul</em> truck drivers who participated in this study"
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            "Methods We undertook a non-experimental descriptive crosssectional survey to collect data from <em>long</em>-<em>haul</em> <em>truckers</em> at a major truck stop located on I-40 in central North Carolina from October 2012 until March 2013.",
            "Furthermore, due to driver selection and retention biases, as well as extensive use of relevant medication and drivers' selfreported estimates of their sleep, these findings may under-represent the true scale of the health-related challenges of <em>long</em>-<em>haul</em> <em>truckers</em>."
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            "acknowledgement" : "Acknowledgements The author would like to thank the Kentucky Labor Cabinet's Department of Worker's Claims for supplying access to the 2012 workers' compensation FROI data for this study. This work was supported by grant/cooperative agreement number 2460OH008483-10 from NIOSH. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of NIOSH.",
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            "One cross-sectional survey study found that of 316 US <em>long</em>-<em>haul</em> <em>truckers</em>, 70% had no regular healthcare visits and 42.3% had musculoskeletal disorders along with other health conditions related to their job.",
            "Many <em>long</em>-<em>haul</em> truck transportation injuries involved trailer tarping and handling the trailer door. <em>Long</em>-<em>haul</em> <em>truckers</em> frequently manually adjust tarps on their loads, which often results in falls from the top and strains due to carrying the heavy tarps while climbing on top of the load."
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            "Top Injury Scenario Activities For All Occupations In Short-<em>Haul</em> Trucking, 2012.",
            "truck and misstepped between truck and dock plate\"  \"He was pulling on a pallet of freight when he felt pain in his lower back\"  \"He was unloading freight from a trailer and strained his back\"  \"Back pain-He said he was picking up an oil line and felt something pull in back\"  \"He was pulling 8 foot <em>long</em>"
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              "body" : "Obesity rates in long-haul truck drivers have been shown to be significantly higher than the general population. We hypothesized that commercial drivers with the highest levels of general obesity and abdominal adiposity would have higher concentrations of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation. Methods Survey and anthropometric data were collected from 262 commercial drivers. Weight, circumference measures, and blood analysis for CRP (N = 115) were conducted and compared to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. CRP values were nonnormally distributed and logarithmically transformed for statistical analyses. Results BMI, waist circumference, sagittal abdominal diameter, and CRP were significantly higher than in the general population. Anthropometric indices that included height (BMI, waist-to-height ratio, and sagittal diameter-to-height ratio), were most predictive of CRP values. Conclusions Abdominal obesity is prevalent in commercial vehicle drivers and is an important indicator of the presence of inflammation in this population. Keywords: commercial vehicle drivers | obesity | abdominal obesity | cardiovascular disease | inflammation| sagittal diameter | high sensitivity C-reactive protein Article:"
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