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authorluccul <luccul@gmail.com>2010-07-13 22:45:24 +0000
committerbnewbold <bnewbold@adelie.robocracy.org>2010-07-13 22:45:24 +0000
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downloadafterklein-wiki-8cb78e8cb123a85984c1ba1daa3f80712c4df932.tar.gz
afterklein-wiki-8cb78e8cb123a85984c1ba1daa3f80712c4df932.zip
edited alternate proof
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@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ So, if you only care about holomorphic functions you don't need to worry about t
You may find it helpful to think about other ways of deriving Theorems 1 and 2. For an alternate proof of Theorem 1 (which may be more comprehensible, since it doesn't involve any confusing changes of coordinates), see Problems 7 and 8 of Problem Set 3.
An alternate proof of Theorem 2 goes as follows: Since $f$ is holomorphic on a disk, it has a Laurent expansion. The statement of Theorem 2 says that the negative terms in this Laurent expansion are zero. First let's prove that $c_{-1}$ is zero. Since $c_{-1}$ is the residue of $f$ at zero, it is given by
-$$c_{-1} = \int_{\gamma_r} f(z) dz$$
-where $\gamma$ is a small circle of radius $r$ that goes counterclockwise around the origin. As we shrink the radius of this circle, its length goes to zero. On the other hand since $f$ is holomorphic, $f(z)$ tends to $f(0)$ as $z$ tends to zero. Taking the limit as $r \to 0$,
-$$ c_{-1} = \lim_{r \to 0} \int_{\gamma_r} f(z) dz = \lim_{r \to 0} 2 \pi r f(0) = 0 $$
-so we conclude that $c_{-1} = 0$.
+$$c_{-1} = \frac{1}{2 \pi i}\int_{\gamma_r} f(z) dz$$
+where $\gamma$ is a small circle of radius $r$ that goes counterclockwise around the origin. Taking the limit as $r \to 0$, we find ourselves integrating over a circle of radius $0$. Therefore,
+$$ c_{-1} = \frac{1}{2 \pi i} \lim_{r \to 0} \int_{\gamma_r} f(z) dz = \frac{1}{2 \pi i} \int_{\gamma_0} f(z) dz = 0 $$
+and we conclude that $c_{-1} = 0$.
Now let's prove that $c_{-2}$ has to be zero. Consider the function
$$ g(z) = z f(z) = \cdots \frac{c_{-3}}{z^2} + \frac{c_{-2}}{z} + c_{-1} + c_0 z + c_1 z^2 + \cdots $$