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diff --git a/ps03_evalapply/syntax.scm b/ps03_evalapply/syntax.scm
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+;;; -*- Mode:Scheme; Base:10 -*- 
+
+(declare (usual-integrations))
+
+;;; Self-evaluating entities
+
+(define (self-evaluating? exp)
+  (or (number? exp)
+      (eq? exp #t)
+      (eq? exp #f)
+      (string? exp)))	; Our prompt (viz., "EVAL==> ") is a string.
+
+;;; Variables
+
+(define (variable? exp) (symbol? exp))
+
+(define (same-variable? var1 var2) (eq? var1 var2))  ;; Nice abstraction
+
+;;; Special forms (in general)
+
+(define (tagged-list? exp tag)
+  (and (pair? exp)
+       (eq? (car exp) tag)))
+
+;;; Quotations
+
+(define (quoted? exp) (tagged-list? exp 'quote))
+
+(define (text-of-quotation quot) (cadr quot))
+
+;;; Assignment--- SET!
+
+(define (assignment? exp) (tagged-list? exp 'set!))
+
+(define (assignment-variable assn) (cadr  assn))
+(define (assignment-value    assn) (caddr assn))
+
+;;; Definitions
+
+(define (definition? exp) (tagged-list? exp 'define))
+
+(define (definition-variable defn)
+  (if (variable? (cadr defn))			;;   (DEFINE  foo      ...)
+      (cadr  defn)
+      (caadr defn)))				;;   (DEFINE (foo ...) ...)
+
+(define (definition-value defn)
+  (if (variable? (cadr defn))			;;   (DEFINE  foo        ...)
+      (caddr defn)
+      (cons 'lambda				;;   (DEFINE (foo p...) b...)
+            (cons (cdadr defn)			;; = (DEFINE  foo
+                  (cddr  defn)))))		;;     (LAMBDA (p...) b...))
+
+;;; LAMBDA expressions
+
+(define (lambda? exp) (tagged-list? exp 'lambda))
+(define (lambda-parameters lambda-exp) (cadr lambda-exp))
+(define (lambda-body lambda-exp)
+  (let ((full-body (cddr lambda-exp)))
+    (sequence->begin full-body)))
+
+
+(define declaration? pair?)
+
+(define (parameter-name var-decl)
+  (if (pair? var-decl)
+      (car var-decl)
+      var-decl))
+
+(define (lazy? var-decl)
+  (and (pair? var-decl)
+       (memq 'lazy (cdr var-decl))
+       (not (memq 'memo (cdr var-decl)))))
+
+(define (lazy-memo? var-decl)
+  (and (pair? var-decl)
+       (memq 'lazy (cdr var-decl))
+       (memq 'memo (cdr var-decl))))
+
+(define (sequence->begin seq)
+  (cond ((null? seq) seq)
+	((null? (cdr seq)) (car seq))
+	((begin? (car seq)) seq)
+	(else (make-begin seq))))
+
+(define (make-begin exp) (cons 'begin exp))
+
+;;; If conditionals
+
+(define (if? exp) (tagged-list? exp 'if))
+
+(define (if-predicate exp) (cadr exp))
+
+(define (if-consequent exp) (caddr exp))
+
+(define (if-alternative exp)
+  (if (not (null? (cdddr exp)))
+      (cadddr exp)
+      'the-unspecified-value))
+
+(define (make-if pred conseq alternative)
+  (list 'IF pred conseq alternative))
+
+
+;;; COND Conditionals
+
+(define (cond? exp) (tagged-list? exp 'cond))
+
+(define (clauses cndl) (cdr cndl))
+(define (no-clauses? clauses) (null? clauses))
+(define (first-clause clauses) (car clauses))
+(define (rest-clauses clauses) (cdr clauses))
+(define (else-clause? clause) (eq? (predicate clause) 'else))
+
+(define (predicate clause) (car clause))
+
+(define (actions clause)
+  (sequence->begin (cdr clause)))
+
+(define (cond->if cond-exp)
+  (define (expand clauses)
+    (cond ((no-clauses? clauses)
+	   (list 'error "COND: no values matched"))
+	  ((else-clause? (car clauses))
+	   (if (no-clauses? (cdr clauses))
+	       (actions (car clauses))
+	       (error "else clause isn't last -- INTERP" exp)))
+	  (else
+	   (make-if (predicate (car clauses))
+		    (actions (car clauses))
+		    (expand (cdr clauses))))))
+  (expand (clauses cond-exp)))
+
+
+;;; BEGIN expressions (a.k.a. sequences)
+
+(define (begin? exp) (tagged-list? exp 'begin))
+(define (begin-actions begin-exp) (cdr begin-exp))
+
+(define (last-exp? seq) (null? (cdr seq)))
+(define (first-exp seq) (car seq))
+(define (rest-exps seq) (cdr seq))
+(define no-more-exps? null?)		; for non-tail-recursive vers.
+
+;;; LET expressions
+
+(define (let? exp) (tagged-list? exp 'let))
+(define (let-bound-variables let-exp)
+  (map car (cadr let-exp)))
+(define (let-values let-exp) (map cadr (cadr let-exp)))
+(define (let-body let-exp) (sequence->begin (cddr let-exp)))
+(define (let->combination let-exp)
+  (let ((names (let-bound-variables let-exp))
+	(values (let-values let-exp))
+	(body (let-body let-exp)))
+    (cons (list 'LAMBDA names body)
+	  values)))
+
+;;; Procedure applications -- NO-ARGS? and LAST-OPERAND? added
+
+(define (application? exp)
+  (pair? exp))
+
+(define (no-args? exp)				;; Added for tail recursion
+  (and (pair? exp)
+       (null? (cdr exp))))
+
+(define (args-application? exp)			;; Changed from 5.2.1
+  (and (pair? exp)
+       (not (null? (cdr exp)))))
+
+
+(define (operator app) (car app))
+(define (operands app) (cdr app))
+
+(define (last-operand? args)			;; Added for tail recursion
+  (null? (cdr args)))
+
+(define (no-operands? args) (null? args))
+(define (first-operand args) (car args))
+(define (rest-operands args) (cdr args))
+
+;;; Another special form that will be needed later.
+
+(define (amb? exp)
+  (and (pair? exp) (eq? (car exp) 'amb)))
+
+(define (permanent-assignment? exp) (tagged-list? exp 'set!!))