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+
+# A partial Scheme implementation in Julia
+
+# null -> nothing
+# pair -> Pair type
+# boolean (true/false) -> true/false
+# number -> Number
+# identifier/symbol -> symbol
+
+is_atom(x) = x == () || !(x == nothing ||
+ typeof(x) <: Tuple ||
+ typeof(x) <: Array ||
+ typeof(x) <: Dict)
+is_null(x) = x == ()
+is_zero(x) = x == 0
+is_eq(a, b) = a == b
+is_number(x) = typeof(x) <: Number
+is_boolean(x) = x == true || x == false
+is_builtin(x) = x in (:lambda, :quote, :cond, :else, :cons, :car, :cdr,
+ :isnull, :iseq, :isatom, :iszero, :isnumber,
+ :+, :-, :*, :/, +, -, *, /)
+
+identity_action(x, ctx) = x
+lookup_action(x, ctx) = ctx[x]
+quote_action(x, ctx) = length(x) == 2 ? x[2] : throw(ErrorException())
+
+function cond_action(x, ctx)
+ for line in x[2:end]
+ if line[1] == :else
+ return meaning(line[2], ctx)
+ elseif meaning(line[1], ctx)
+ return meaning(line[2], ctx)
+ else
+ # "unspecified"
+ return nothing
+ end
+ end
+end
+
+function lambda_action(x, ctx)
+ return (:procedure, x[2], x[3:end], copy(ctx))
+end
+
+function apply_action(x, ctx)
+ if is_builtin(x[1])
+ action = x[1]
+ args = [meaning(y, ctx) for y in x[2:end]]
+ if action == :cons
+ return tuple(args[1], args[2])
+ elseif action == :car
+ return args[1][1]
+ elseif action == :cdr
+ return args[1][2]
+ elseif action == :isnull
+ return is_null(args[1])
+ elseif action == :iseq
+ return is_eq(args[1], args[2])
+ elseif action == :isatom
+ return is_atom(args[1])
+ elseif action == :iszero
+ return is_zero(args[1])
+ elseif action == :isnumber
+ return is_number(args[1])
+ elseif action == :+ || action == +
+ return args[1] + args[2]
+ elseif action == :- || action == -
+ return args[1] - args[2]
+ elseif action == :* || action == *
+ return args[1] * args[2]
+ elseif action == :/ || action == /
+ return args[1] / args[2]
+ else
+ throw(ErrorException("Unexpected builtin: $(x[0])"))
+ end
+ elseif typeof(x[1]) <: Tuple
+ proc = meaning(x[1], ctx)
+ if proc[1] != :procedure
+ throw(ErrorException("Not applicable: $(str(proc))"))
+ end
+ variables = proc[2]
+ body = proc[3]
+ closure = copy(proc[4])
+ args = [meaning(y, ctx) for y in x[2:end]]
+ for i in 1:length(variables)
+ closure[variables[i]] = args[i]
+ end
+ ret = nothing
+ for expr in body
+ ret = meaning(expr, closure)
+ end
+ return ret
+ else
+ throw(ErrorException("Unexpected... thing...: $(x[1])"))
+ end
+end
+
+function meaning(x, ctx)
+ action = nothing
+ if is_atom(x)
+ if is_number(x) || is_boolean(x) || is_builtin(x)
+ return identity_action(x, ctx)
+ elseif typeof(x) <: Symbol
+ return lookup_action(x, ctx)
+ end
+ elseif typeof(x) <: Tuple
+ if x[1] == :quote
+ return quote_action(x, ctx)
+ elseif x[1] == :cond
+ return cond_action(x, ctx)
+ elseif x[1] == :lambda
+ return lambda_action(x, ctx)
+ elseif typeof(x[1]) <: Tuple
+ return apply_action(x, ctx)
+ else # some other identifier, either builtin or not
+ return apply_action(x, ctx)
+ end
+ end
+ throw(ErrorException("Unexpected expression: $x"))
+end
+
+function value(ast)
+ return meaning(ast, Dict())
+end
+
+function test_minimal_scheme()
+ @assert 6 == value( ((:lambda, (:x, ), (+, 1, :x)), 5) )
+ value( (:car, (:quote, (1, 2, 3, 4))) )
+end