$%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% $ == cpp.cin == cin >> ; $ == cpp.cout == cout << << endl; $ == cpp.cout-operator == insert == << "" $ $%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% == cpp.output-manipulator-boolalpha == insert == << boolalpha == cpp.output-manipulator-dec == insert == << dec == cpp.output-manipulator-endl == insert == << endl == cpp.output-manipulator-fixed == insert == << fixed == cpp.output-manipulator-flush == insert == << flush == cpp.output-manipulator-hex == insert == << hex == cpp.output-manipulator-internal == insert == << internal == cpp.output-manipulator-left == insert == << left == cpp.output-manipulator-oct == insert == << oct == cpp.output-manipulator-right == insert == << right == cpp.output-manipulator-scientific == insert == << scientific == cpp.output-manipulator-setbase == insert == << setbase(10) == cpp.output-manipulator-setfill == insert == << setfill() == cpp.output-manipulator-setiosflag == insert == << setiosflags() == cpp.output-manipulator-setprecision == insert == << setprecision(6) == cpp.output-manipulator-setw == insert == << setw(0) == cpp.output-manipulator-showbase == insert == << showbase == cpp.output-manipulator-showpoint == insert == << showpoint == cpp.output-manipulator-showpos == insert == << showpos == cpp.output-manipulator-uppercase == insert == << uppercase $%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% == cpp.method-implementation == void |?CLASSNAME|::|?METHODNAME| ( <+argument list+> ) { return ; } // ----- end of method |CLASSNAME|::|METHODNAME| ----- $%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% == cpp.accessor-implementation == //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Class: |?CLASSNAME| // Method: get_|?ATTRIBUTE| //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- inline int |CLASSNAME|::get_|ATTRIBUTE| ( ) { return |ATTRIBUTE|; } // ----- end of method |CLASSNAME|::get_|ATTRIBUTE| ----- //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Class: |CLASSNAME| // Method: set_|ATTRIBUTE| //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- inline void |CLASSNAME|::set_|ATTRIBUTE| ( <+argument list+> ) { |ATTRIBUTE| = value; return ; } // ----- end of method |CLASSNAME|::set_|ATTRIBUTE| ----- $%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% == cpp.class-definition == // ===================================================================================== // Class: |?CLASSNAME:c| // Description: // ===================================================================================== class |CLASSNAME| { public: // ==================== LIFECYCLE ======================================= |CLASSNAME| (); // constructor // ==================== ACCESSORS ======================================= // ==================== MUTATORS ======================================= // ==================== OPERATORS ======================================= protected: // ==================== DATA MEMBERS ======================================= private: // ==================== DATA MEMBERS ======================================= }; // ----- end of class |CLASSNAME| ----- $%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% == cpp.class-implementation == //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Class: |?CLASSNAME| // Method: |CLASSNAME| // Description: constructor //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |CLASSNAME|::|CLASSNAME| () { } // ----- end of method |CLASSNAME|::|CLASSNAME| (constructor) ----- $%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% == cpp.class-using-new-definition == // ===================================================================================== // Class: |?CLASSNAME:c| // Description: // ===================================================================================== class |CLASSNAME| { public: // ==================== LIFECYCLE ======================================= |CLASSNAME| (); // constructor |CLASSNAME| ( const |CLASSNAME| &other ); // copy constructor ~|CLASSNAME| (); // destructor // ==================== ACCESSORS ======================================= // ==================== MUTATORS ======================================= // ==================== OPERATORS ======================================= |CLASSNAME|& operator = ( const |CLASSNAME| &other ); // assignment operator protected: // ==================== DATA MEMBERS ======================================= private: // ==================== DATA MEMBERS ======================================= }; // ----- end of class |CLASSNAME| ----- $%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% == cpp.class-using-new-implementation == //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Class: |?CLASSNAME| // Method: |CLASSNAME| // Description: constructor //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |CLASSNAME|::|CLASSNAME| () { } // ----- end of method |CLASSNAME|::|CLASSNAME| (constructor) ----- //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Class: |CLASSNAME| // Method: |CLASSNAME| // Description: copy constructor //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |CLASSNAME|::|CLASSNAME| ( const |CLASSNAME| &other ) { } // ----- end of method |CLASSNAME|::|CLASSNAME| (copy constructor) ----- //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Class: |CLASSNAME| // Method: ~|CLASSNAME| // Description: destructor //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |CLASSNAME|::~|CLASSNAME| () { } // ----- end of method |CLASSNAME|::~|CLASSNAME| (destructor) ----- //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Class: |CLASSNAME| // Method: operator = // Description: assignment operator //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |CLASSNAME|& |CLASSNAME|::operator = ( const |CLASSNAME| &other ) { if ( this != &other ) { } return *this; } // ----- end of method |CLASSNAME|::operator = (assignment operator) ----- $%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% == cpp.error-class == // ===================================================================================== // Class: |?CLASSNAME:c| // Description: // ===================================================================================== class |CLASSNAME| { public: |CLASSNAME| ( string msg = "|CLASSNAME|" ):message(msg) { } virtual ~|CLASSNAME| ( ) { } virtual string what ( ) const throw ( ) { return message; } protected: string message; }; // ---------- end of class |CLASSNAME| ---------- $%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% == cpp.template-method-implementation == template < class T > void |?CLASSNAME|::|?METHODNAME| ( <+argument list+> ) { return ; } // ----- end of method |CLASSNAME|::|METHODNAME| ----- $%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% == cpp.template-accessor-implementation == //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Class: |?CLASSNAME| // Method: get_|?ATTRIBUTE| //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- template < class T > inline int |CLASSNAME|::get_|ATTRIBUTE| ( ) { return |ATTRIBUTE|; } // ----- end of method |CLASSNAME|::get_|ATTRIBUTE| ----- //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Class: |CLASSNAME| // Method: set_|ATTRIBUTE| //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- template < class T > inline void |CLASSNAME|::set_|ATTRIBUTE| ( <+argument list+> ) { |ATTRIBUTE| = value; return ; } // ----- end of method |CLASSNAME|::set_|ATTRIBUTE| ----- $%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% == cpp.template-class-definition == // ===================================================================================== // Class: |?CLASSNAME:c| // Description: // ===================================================================================== template < class T > class |CLASSNAME| { public: // ==================== LIFECYCLE ======================================= |CLASSNAME| (); // constructor // ==================== ACCESSORS ======================================= // ==================== MUTATORS ======================================= // ==================== OPERATORS ======================================= protected: // ==================== DATA MEMBERS ======================================= private: // ==================== DATA MEMBERS ======================================= }; // ----- end of template class |CLASSNAME| ----- $%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% == cpp.template-class-implementation == //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Class: |?CLASSNAME| // Method: |CLASSNAME| // Description: constructor //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- template < class T > |CLASSNAME| :: |CLASSNAME| () { } // ----- end of constructor of template class |CLASSNAME| ----- $%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% == cpp.template-class-using-new-definition == // ===================================================================================== // Class: |?CLASSNAME:c| // Description: // ===================================================================================== template < class T > class |CLASSNAME| { public: // ==================== LIFECYCLE ======================================= |CLASSNAME| (); // constructor |CLASSNAME| ( const |CLASSNAME| &other ); // copy constructor ~|CLASSNAME| (); // destructor // ==================== ACCESSORS ======================================= // ==================== MUTATORS ======================================= // ==================== OPERATORS ======================================= |CLASSNAME|& operator = ( const |CLASSNAME| &other ); // assignment operator protected: // ==================== DATA MEMBERS ======================================= private: // ==================== DATA MEMBERS ======================================= }; // ----- end of template class |CLASSNAME| ----- $%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% == cpp.template-class-using-new-implementation == //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Class: |?CLASSNAME| // Method: |CLASSNAME| // Description: constructor //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- template < class T > |CLASSNAME|::|CLASSNAME| () { } // ----- end of constructor of template class |CLASSNAME| ----- //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Class: |CLASSNAME| // Method: |CLASSNAME| // Description: copy constructor //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- template < class T > |CLASSNAME|::|CLASSNAME| ( const |CLASSNAME| &other ) { } // ----- end of copy constructor of template class |CLASSNAME| ----- //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Class: |CLASSNAME| // Method: ~|CLASSNAME| // Description: destructor //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- template < class T > |CLASSNAME|::~|CLASSNAME| () { } // ----- end of destructor of template class |CLASSNAME| ----- //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Class: |CLASSNAME| // Method: operator = // Description: assignment operator //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- template < class T > |CLASSNAME|& |CLASSNAME|::operator = ( const |CLASSNAME| &other ) { if ( this != &other ) { } return *this; } // ----- end of assignment operator of template class |CLASSNAME| ----- $%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% == cpp.template-function == template void |?TEMPALTE_FUNCTION_NAME| ( <+argument list+> ) { return ; } // ----- end of template function |?TEMPALTE_FUNCTION_NAME| ----- $%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% == cpp.operator-in == ostream & operator << ( ostream & os, const |?CLASSNAME| & obj ) { os << obj. ; return os; } // ----- end of function operator << ----- $%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% == cpp.operator-out == istream & operator >> ( istream & is, |?CLASSNAME| & obj ) { is >> obj. ; return is; } // ----- end of function operator >> ----- $%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% == cpp.try-catch == try { } catch ( const &ExceptObj ) { // handle exception: } catch (...) { // handle exception: unspecified } $%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% == cpp.catch == catch ( const &ExceptObj ) { // handle exception: } $%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% == cpp.catch-points == catch (...) { // handle exception: } $%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% == cpp.extern == extern "C" { } $%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% == cpp.open-input-file == string ifs_file_name = ""; // input file name ifstream ifs; // create ifstream object ifs.open ( ifs_file_name.c_str() ); // open ifstream if (!ifs) { cerr << "\nERROR : failed to open input file " << ifs_file_name << endl; exit (EXIT_FAILURE); } {-continue here-} ifs.close (); // close ifstream $%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% == cpp.open-output-file == string ofs_file_name = ""; // input file name ofstream ofs; // create ofstream object ofs.open ( ofs_file_name.c_str() ); // open ofstream if (!ofs) { cerr << "\nERROR : failed to open output file " << ofs_file_name << endl; exit (EXIT_FAILURE); } {-continue here-} ofs.close (); // close ofstream $%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% == cpp.namespace-std == using namespace std; == cpp.namespace == using namespace |?NAMESPACE|; == cpp.namespace-block == namespace |?NAMESPACE| { } // ----- end of namespace |NAMESPACE| ----- == cpp.namespace-alias == namespace |?NAMESPACE_ALIAS| = {-original namespace name-}; $%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% == cpp.rtti-typeid == insert == typeid() $ == cpp.rtti-static-cast == insert == static_cast<>() $ == cpp.rtti-const-cast == insert == const_cast<>() $ == cpp.rtti-reinterpret-cast == insert == reinterpret_cast<>() $ == cpp.rtti-dynamic-cast == insert == dynamic_cast<>() $%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%