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.. _lang-keywords:
Keywords
========
This page lists all of the C++ keywords, and either links to a
reference page explaining their use, or provides a brief description.
List of Keywords
----------------
The C++ keywords are:
``and``, ``and_eq``, ``asm``, ``auto``, ``bitand``, ``bitor``,
``bool``, ``break``, ``case``, ``catch``, ``char``, ``class``,
``compl``, ``const``, ``const_cast``, ``continue``, ``default``,
``delete``, ``do``, ``double``, ``dynamic_cast``, ``else``, ``enum``,
``explicit``, ``export``, ``extern``, ``false``, ``float``, ``for``,
``friend``, ``goto``, ``if``, ``inline``, ``int``, ``long``,
``mutable``, ``namespace``, ``new``, ``not``, ``not_eq``,
``operator``, ``or``, ``or_eq``, ``private``, ``protected``,
``public``, ``register``, ``reinterpret_cast``, ``return``, ``short``,
``signed``, ``sizeof``, ``static``, ``static_cast``, ``struct``,
``switch``, ``template``, ``this``, ``throw``, ``true``, ``try``,
``typedef``, ``typeid``, ``typename``, ``union``, ``unsigned``,
``using``, ``virtual``, ``void``, ``volatile``, ``wchar_t``,
``while``, ``xor``, ``xor_eq``
Boolean Operator Synonyms
-------------------------
- ``and`` is a synonym for :ref:`&& <lang-boolean-and>`.
- ``not`` is a synonym for :ref:`\! <lang-boolean-not>`.
- ``not_eq`` is a synonym for :ref:`\!= <lang-comparison>`.
- ``or`` is a synonym for :ref:`|| <lang-boolean-or>`.
Bitwise Operator Synonyms
-------------------------
- ``and_eq`` is a synonym for :ref:`&= <lang-compoundbitwise-and>`.
- ``bitand`` is a synonym for (bitwise) :ref:`& <lang-bitwisemath-and>`.
- ``bitor`` is a synonym for :ref:`\| <lang-bitwisemath-or>`.
- ``compl`` is a synonym for :ref:`~ <lang-bitwisemath-not>`.
- ``or_eq`` is a synonym for :ref:`|= <lang-compoundbitwise-or>`.
- ``xor`` is a synonym for :ref:`^ <lang-bitwisemath-xor>`.
- ``xor_eq`` is a synonym for :ref:`^= <lang-compoundbitwise-xor>`.
Constants
---------
- ``true`` and ``false`` are the :ref:`boolean constants
<lang-booleanvariables>`.
Control Flow
------------
- ``break`` can exit out of a :ref:`switch statement
<lang-switchcase>` or a :ref:`for <lang-for>`, :ref:`do
<lang-dowhile>`, or :ref:`while <lang-while>` loop.
- ``case`` defines alternatives in a :ref:`switch statement <lang-switchcase>`.
- ``continue`` will move control flow to the next iteration of the
enclosing :ref:`for <lang-for>`, :ref:`do <lang-dowhile>`, or
:ref:`while <lang-while>` loop.
- ``default`` defines the default alternative in a :ref:`switch
statement <lang-switchcase>`.
- ``do`` introduces a :ref:`do <lang-dowhile>` loop.
- ``else`` is used in :ref:`if statements <lang-if>`.
- ``for`` introduces a :ref:`for <lang-for>` loop.
- ``goto`` :ref:`jumps <lang-goto>` to a label.
- ``if`` introduces an :ref:`if statement <lang-if>`.
- ``return`` :ref:`transfers flow to a function's caller <lang-return>`.
- ``switch`` introduces a :ref:`switch statement <lang-switchcase>`.
- ``while`` introduces a :ref:`while <lang-while>` loop.
Types
-----
The following keywords are used for built-in types.
- :ref:`bool <lang-booleanvariables>`
- :ref:`lang-char`
- :ref:`lang-double`
- :ref:`lang-float`
- :ref:`lang-int`
- :ref:`lang-long`
- :ref:`short <lang-numeric-types-integral>`
- :ref:`void <lang-void>` (not really a type, but used in the absence
of one)
The following keywords are used to introduce new types.
- :ref:`enum <lang-enum>`
Qualifiers
----------
- :ref:`static <lang-static>` can be used to declare persistent local
variables; it has other uses not documented here.
- ``unsigned`` is used to specify an unsigned integral type.
Examples: :ref:`lang-unsignedint`, :ref:`lang-unsignedchar`,
:ref:`lang-unsignedlong`.
- :ref:`volatile <lang-volatile>` is useful when declaring variables
that may be modified by external interrupts.
- :ref:`const <lang-const>` is used to define constants.
Other
-----
These keywords are not described in the Maple documentation. For more
information, consult a C++ reference.
- ``asm`` is used to insert literal assembly language.
- ``auto`` is used to declare that a variable has automatic storage.
- ``catch`` is used in exception handling. Note that the default
flags we pass to :ref:`GCC <arm-gcc>` include ``-fno-exceptions``.
- ``class`` is used to define classes.
- ``const_cast`` is used in typecasting.
- ``delete`` is used to free ``new``\ -allocated storage. Note that
dynamic memory allocation is not available by default on the Maple,
so you'll have to bring your own ``new`` and ``delete`` if you want
this.
- ``dynamic_cast`` is used in typecasting.
- ``explicit`` is used to declare constructors that can be called only
explicitly.
- ``export`` declares a template definition accessible to other
compilation units.
- ``extern`` can mark a declaration as a declaration and not a
definition, and also grant external linkage to a ``const`` or
``typedef``.
- ``friend`` is used to declare that certain functions have access to
a class's private variables.
- ``inline`` is a compiler hint to inline a function.
- ``mutable`` specifies that a member can be updated, even when a
member of a ``const`` object.
- ``namespace`` declares a new namespace.
- ``new`` dynamically allocates space for a value. Note that dynamic
memory allocation is not available by default on the Maple, so
you'll have to bring your own ``new`` and ``delete`` if you want
this.
- ``operator`` is used to define type-specific operator overrides.
- ``private`` declares a private class member.
- ``protected`` declares a protected class member.
- ``public`` declares a public class member.
- ``register`` is a compiler hint to store a variable in a register.
- ``reinterpret_cast`` is used in typecasting.
- ``signed`` is the opposite of ``unsigned``.
- ``static_cast`` is used in typecasting.
- ``struct`` declares a new struct.
- ``template`` introduces a template class, function, etc.
- ``this`` is a pointer to the receiver object.
- ``throw`` is used in exception handling. Note that the default
flags we pass to :ref:`GCC <arm-gcc>` include ``-fno-exceptions``.
- ``try`` is used in exception handling. Note that the default
flags we pass to :ref:`GCC <arm-gcc>` include ``-fno-exceptions``.
- ``typedef`` defines a type synonym.
- ``union`` defines an untagged union.
- ``using`` is a directive related to namespaces.
- ``virtual`` declares a method which may be overridden.
- ``wchar_t`` is the wide character type.
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