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.. highlight:: cpp
.. _lang-hardwarespi:
HardwareSPI
===========
This page describes how to use the built-in SPI ports. It does not
describe the SPI protocol itself. For more information about SPI, see
the :ref:`SPI reference <spi>`.
.. contents:: Contents
:local:
Getting Started
---------------
.. TODO [0.1.0] Add a note about calling disableDebugPorts() when
.. using SPI3 on Maple Native
In order to get started, you'll first need to define a ``HardwareSPI``
variable, which you'll use to control the SPI port. Do this by
putting the line "``HardwareSPI spi(number);``" with your variables,
where ``number`` is the SPI port's number.
Here's an example (we'll fill in :ref:`setup() <lang-setup>` and
:ref:`loop() <lang-loop>` later)::
// Use SPI port number 1
HardwareSPI spi(1);
void setup() {
// Your setup code
}
void loop() {
// Do stuff with SPI
}
Turning the SPI Port On
-----------------------
Now it's time to turn your SPI port on. Do this with the ``begin()``
function (an example is given below).
.. FIXME [0.0.11] Breathe doesn't include the class; fix & submit pull req
.. doxygenfunction:: HardwareSPI::begin
The speed at which the SPI port communicates is configured using a
``SPIFrequency`` value:
.. FIXME [0.1.0] Breathe's enum output is enormous; shrink & submit pull req
.. doxygenenum:: SPIFrequency
.. note:: Due to hardware issues, you can't use the frequency
``SPI_140_625KHz`` with SPI port 1.
You'll need to determine the correct values for ``frequency``,
``bitOrder``, and ``mode`` yourself, by consulting the datasheet for
the device you're communicating with. Continuing our example from
before, we'll add a call to ``begin()`` to our ``setup()``::
// Use SPI port number 1
HardwareSPI spi(1);
void setup() {
// Turn on the SPI port
spi.begin(SPI_18MHZ, MSBFIRST, 0);
}
void loop() {
// Do stuff with SPI
}
If you call ``begin()`` with no arguments (as in "``spi.begin();``"),
it's the same as if you wrote "``spi.begin(SPI_1_125MHZ, MSBFIRST,
0);``".
Communicating Over SPI
----------------------
Now that you've got your SPI port set up, it's time to start
communicating. You can send data using ``HardwareSPI::write()``,
receive data using ``HardwareSPI::read()``, and do both using
``HardwareSPI::transfer()``.
.. cpp:function:: void HardwareSPI::write(byte data)
Send a single byte of data.
**Parameters**:
- ``data``: Byte to send
.. cpp:function:: byte HardwareSPI::read()
Get the next available, unread byte. If there aren't any unread
bytes, this function will wait until one is received.
.. cpp:function:: byte HardwareSPI::transmit(byte data)
Send a byte, then return the next byte received.
**Parameters:**
- ``data``: Byte to send
**Returns:** Next unread byte
Continuing our example from before, let's send a number over SPI and
print out whatever we get back over :ref:`lang-serialusb`::
// Use SPI port number 1
HardwareSPI spi(1);
void setup() {
// Turn on the SPI port
spi.begin(SPI_18MHZ, MSBFIRST, 0);
}
void loop() {
// Send 245 over SPI, and wait for a response.
spi.write(245);
byte response = spi.read();
// Print out the response received.
SerialUSB.print("response: ");
SerialUSB.println(response, DEC);
}
HardwareSPI Class Reference
---------------------------
There are a number of other things you can accomplish with your
``spi`` object. A full function listing follows.
.. doxygenclass:: HardwareSPI
:members: HardwareSPI, begin, beginSlave, end, read, write, transfer
Deprecated Functions
--------------------
The following functions are defined for now, but they have been
deprecated, and will be removed in a future Maple IDE release. You
shouldn't use them in new programs, and you should change any of your
programs which do use them to the up-to-date functions discussed
above.
.. cpp:function:: uint8 HardwareSPI::send(uint8 *data, uint32 length)
Writes ``data`` into the port buffer to be transmitted as soon as
possible, where ``length`` is the number of bytes to send from
``data``. Returns the last byte shifted back from slave.
.. cpp:function:: uint8 HardwareSPI::send(uint8 data)
Writes the single byte ``data`` into the port buffer to be
transmitted as soon as possible. Returns the data byte shifted
back from the slave.
.. cpp:function:: uint8 HardwareSPI::recv()
Reads a byte from the peripheral. Returns the next byte in the
buffer.
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