classic digitalWrite() gives ~500ns pulse time (2MHz) gpio_write_bit() is about 360ns (2.78MHz) writing to GPIO?_BASE is about 60ns (16.6MHz -> 18MHz) pwm write 0x0001 is about 30ns (33MHz) pwm write 0x0001 is about 14ns (72MHz) with prescaler as 0 (!) 1/25.125MHz = 39.72ns crude 640x480 directions: www.epanorama.net/documents/pc/vga_timing.html 480 lines 31.77 us horizontal line length -> 2287.44 clock cycles -> 2287 3.77 us sync period -> 271 clocks -> 271 1.89 us front porch? -> 136 clocks -> 136 25.17 us video -> 1812.24 clocks -> 1812 so... 2287 reload 271 1: Hsync high 407 2: Video on 2219 3: Video off 2287 4: Hsync low vertically, it's 480 lines active video 11 lines front porch 2 lines Vsync (low) 31 lines back porch