From 30ac55d80c18e93f9c39a6dd850c10f9e7fd92ac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Marti Bolivar <mbolivar@mit.edu>
Date: Fri, 22 Oct 2010 21:10:34 -0400
Subject: docs

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 source/external-interrupts.rst | 126 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
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diff --git a/source/external-interrupts.rst b/source/external-interrupts.rst
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+.. highlight:: cpp
+
+.. _external-interrupts:
+
+External Interrupts
+===================
+
+External interrupts can be used to trigger routines to run in response
+to changes in voltage on a pin. Each GPIO pin on the Maple can be used
+to detect transitions such as when the voltage goes from low to high,
+or from high to low. This technique can be used to avoid unnecessary
+polling of the state of a pin.
+
+.. _contents: Contents
+   :local:
+
+
+Overview
+--------
+
+External interrupts are often used to detect when events happen
+outside of the microcontroller. These can be used to tell the Maple
+when events happen, such as when a sensor has data ready to be read,
+or when a button has been pushed. When such an event happens, an
+interrupt is raised and the Maple can react to it with a preset
+*interrupt handler*.
+
+Every GPIO pin on the Maple can be used as an external interrupt,
+subject to certain constraints; there can be a maximum of 16 different
+external interrupts set up at a time on the Maple. This is because the
+external interrupt lines on the STM32 are multiplexed between GPIO
+ports. In effect, this means that every pin on the Maple maps to a
+certain EXTI line, and within that EXTI line, only one of the pins
+that maps to it can be used as an external interrupt at a time.
+
+The following table shows which pins can be used on which lines.
+
+.. list-table::
+   :widths: 1 1
+   :header-rows: 1
+
+   * - EXTI Line
+     - Maple pins
+   * - EXTI0
+     - 2, 15, 27
+   * - EXTI1
+     - 3, 16, 28
+   * - EXTI2
+     - 1, 17, 25
+   * - EXTI3
+     - 0, 18
+   * - EXTI4
+     - 10, 19
+   * - EXTI5
+     - 4, 13, 20
+   * - EXTI6
+     - 5, 12, 35
+   * - EXTI7
+     - 9, 11, 36
+   * - EXTI8
+     - 6, 14, 37
+   * - EXTI9
+     - 7, 25, 28
+   * - EXTI10
+     - 8, 26, 29
+   * - EXTI11
+     - 30
+   * - EXTI12
+     - 31
+   * - EXTI13
+     - 21, 32
+   * - EXTI14
+     - 22, 33
+   * - EXTI15
+     - 23, 34
+
+.. note::
+
+   You should set the :ref:`pin mode <arduino-pinmode>` of your
+   desired pin to an input mode (e.g ``INPUT`` or ``INPUT_FLOATING``,
+   ``INPUT_PULLUP``, ``INPUT_PULLDOWN``).
+
+
+Function Reference
+------------------
+
+.. doxygenfunction:: attachInterrupt
+
+.. doxygenfunction:: detachInterrupt
+
+.. doxygenenum:: ExtIntTriggerMode
+
+.. doxygentypedef:: voidFuncPtr
+
+
+Code example
+------------
+
+Blink the LED on every transition::
+
+    int pin = 13;
+    volatile int state = LOW;
+
+    void setup() {
+      pinMode(pin, OUTPUT);
+      pinMode(0, INPUT_FLOATING);
+      attachInterrupt(0, blink, CHANGE);
+    }
+
+    void loop() {
+      digitalWrite(pin, state);
+    }
+
+    void blink() {
+      state = !state;
+    }
+
+
+Recommended Reading
+-------------------
+
+* STMicro documentation for STM32F103RB microcontroller:
+
+      * `All <http://www.st.com/mcu/devicedocs-STM32F103RB-110.html>`_
+      * `Datasheet <http://www.st.com/stonline/products/literature/ds/13587.pdf>`_ (pdf)
+      * `Reference Manual <http://www.st.com/stonline/products/literature/rm/13902.pdf>`_ (pdf) 
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