From 868fb1c273e562a1140abfa948022c9d4f55bccf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Marti Bolivar <mbolivar@leaflabs.com>
Date: Mon, 9 May 2011 16:35:13 -0400
Subject: Reverting commits between `git merge-head master refactor` and
 master.

This is a combination of 11 revert commits, and allows for a clean
merge of the work done in the refactor branch.

The combined commit messages follow.

Revert "Committing basic ring_buffer test."

This reverts commit 987fa5f433e0cd41b1621dad8b4e331cf82d49f3.

Revert "qa-slave-shield.cpp and test-session.cpp fixes for Mini and RET6 Edition."

This reverts commit cdd367bdd264c9e19180032c119850fbba2115ba.

Revert "Brought examples/ up to date; PIN_MAP bugfix for D24."

This reverts commit b4c2d4514c6d52cac8a649c5d5c24b68a3c0a416.

Revert "Separated GPIO config to a separate FSMC routine."

This reverts commit 744848ad0fc33eed66acc44e41c3c9d646c5b100.

Revert "Slightly faster RAM writes (6.5MHz)."

This reverts commit 8ba0b6bb065acb4aff26bc9c838de5f37515caf1.

Revert "FSMC working but slow (~6 MHz)."

This reverts commit 0dc9490cf4f4f10a23b08fef1728773f10c1b76a.

Revert "Maple Mini ERROR_LED_PIN fix."

This reverts commit 07d437706840901db1e09ff0ab88229c67c1fa8a.

Revert "Fixing USBSerial::read(void*, uint32) return value (thanks, Crenn!)"

This reverts commit 3ba7196712a5bfe4fe1166b6c34d49c3d7254568.

Revert "Trivial gpio_init() bugfix"

This reverts commit f6ce003bb935f26eeefa54acf7c2ae6afaabd871.

Revert "Trivial changes to test-session.cpp"

This reverts commit a32a37b121ac7e62660d2a83fe67c857fe705122.

Revert ".gitignore: Ignore cscope* files"

This reverts commit d8c72c17bd6d7416a0846e69f4f5ae5cb229d58e.
---
 examples/blinky.cpp                     |   6 +-
 examples/debug-dtrrts.cpp               |  23 ++--
 examples/qa-slave-shield.cpp            |  64 ++++------
 examples/spi_master.cpp                 |   7 +-
 examples/test-dac.cpp                   |   4 +
 examples/test-fsmc.cpp                  | 202 +++++++++++++++---------------
 examples/test-ring-buffer-insertion.cpp | 114 -----------------
 examples/test-serial-flush.cpp          |  18 ++-
 examples/test-serialusb.cpp             |  74 ++++++-----
 examples/test-session.cpp               | 149 +++++++++-------------
 examples/test-systick.cpp               |  50 ++++----
 examples/test-timers.cpp                |  68 +++++-----
 examples/vga-leaf.cpp                   | 162 +++++++++---------------
 examples/vga-scope.cpp                  | 212 ++++++++++++--------------------
 14 files changed, 459 insertions(+), 694 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 examples/test-ring-buffer-insertion.cpp

(limited to 'examples')

diff --git a/examples/blinky.cpp b/examples/blinky.cpp
index 209a6e6..5611987 100644
--- a/examples/blinky.cpp
+++ b/examples/blinky.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Blinks the built-in LED
+// Blinks the LED, pin 13
 
 #include "wirish.h"
 
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ void loop() {
 }
 
 // Force init to be called *first*, i.e. before static object allocation.
-// Otherwise, statically allocated objects that need libmaple may fail.
-__attribute__((constructor)) void premain() {
+// Otherwise, statically allocated object that need libmaple may fail.
+ __attribute__(( constructor )) void premain() {
     init();
 }
 
diff --git a/examples/debug-dtrrts.cpp b/examples/debug-dtrrts.cpp
index 61c061a..f9f8b96 100644
--- a/examples/debug-dtrrts.cpp
+++ b/examples/debug-dtrrts.cpp
@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
-// Test sketch for figuring out DTR/RTS behavior on different platforms.
+// Sample main.cpp file. Blinks an LED, sends a message out USART2
+// and turns on PWM on pin 2
 
 #include "wirish.h"
 #include "usb.h"
 
-#define LED_PIN BOARD_LED_PIN
-#define PWM_PIN 2
+#define LED_PIN 13
+#define PWM_PIN  2
 
-void setup() {
+void setup()
+{
     /* Set up the LED to blink  */
     pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
 
@@ -16,10 +18,12 @@ void setup() {
 
 }
 
+int toggle = 0;
+
 void loop() {
-    toggleLED();
+    toggle ^= 1;
+    digitalWrite(LED_PIN, toggle);
     delay(100);
-
     Serial2.print("DTR: ");
     Serial2.print(usbGetDTR(), DEC);
     Serial2.print("\tRTS: ");
@@ -27,12 +31,13 @@ void loop() {
 }
 
 // Force init to be called *first*, i.e. before static object allocation.
-// Otherwise, statically allocated objects that need libmaple may fail.
-__attribute__((constructor)) void premain() {
+// Otherwise, statically allocated object that need libmaple may fail.
+ __attribute__(( constructor )) void premain() {
     init();
 }
 
-int main(void) {
+int main(void)
+{
     setup();
 
     while (1) {
diff --git a/examples/qa-slave-shield.cpp b/examples/qa-slave-shield.cpp
index fc33a4a..b395cca 100644
--- a/examples/qa-slave-shield.cpp
+++ b/examples/qa-slave-shield.cpp
@@ -1,70 +1,50 @@
-// Slave mode for QA shield
+// slave mode for QA shield
 
 #include "wirish.h"
 
-#define LED_PIN BOARD_LED_PIN
+#define LED_PIN 13
+#define NUM_GPIO 38 // not the number of the max...
 
-#if defined(BOARD_maple) || defined(BOARD_maple_RET6)
-const uint8 pins_to_skip[] = {LED_PIN};
+int i;
 
-#elif defined(BOARD_maple_mini)
-#define USB_DP 23
-#define USB_DM 24
-const uint8 pins_to_skip[] = {LED_PIN, USB_DP, USB_DM};
-
-#elif defined(BOARD_maple_native)
-const uint8 pins_to_skip[] = {LED_PIN};
-
-#else
-#error "Board type has not been selected correctly."
-#endif
-
-bool skip_pin_p(uint8 pin);
-
-void setup() {
+void setup()
+{
     /* Set up the LED to blink  */
     pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
+    digitalWrite(LED_PIN, 1);
 
-    for(int i = 0; i < NR_GPIO_PINS; i++) {
-        if (skip_pin_p(i)) {
-            continue;
-        }
+    for(i=0; i<NUM_GPIO; i++) {
+        if(i==13) { continue; }
         pinMode(i, OUTPUT);
-        digitalWrite(i, LOW);
+        digitalWrite(i,0);
     }
+    //delay(5000);
     SerialUSB.println("OK, starting...");
+
 }
 
 void loop() {
-    toggleLED();
+    digitalWrite(LED_PIN,1);
     delay(100);
+    digitalWrite(LED_PIN,0);
 
-    for(int i = 0; i < NR_GPIO_PINS; i++) {
-        if (skip_pin_p(i)) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        togglePin(i);
+    for(i=0; i<NUM_GPIO; i++) {
+        if(i==13) { continue; }
+        digitalWrite(i,1);
         delay(5);
-        togglePin(i);
+        digitalWrite(i,0);
         delay(5);
     }
 }
 
-bool skip_pin_p(uint8 pin) {
-    for (uint8 i = 0; i < sizeof(pins_to_skip); i++) {
-        if (pin == pins_to_skip[i])
-            return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
 // Force init to be called *first*, i.e. before static object allocation.
-// Otherwise, statically allocated objects that need libmaple may fail.
-__attribute__((constructor)) void premain() {
+// Otherwise, statically allocated object that need libmaple may fail.
+ __attribute__(( constructor )) void premain() {
     init();
 }
 
-int main(void) {
+int main(void)
+{
     setup();
 
     while (1) {
diff --git a/examples/spi_master.cpp b/examples/spi_master.cpp
index 06cad02..9f6d81b 100644
--- a/examples/spi_master.cpp
+++ b/examples/spi_master.cpp
@@ -60,12 +60,13 @@ void loop() {
 }
 
 // Force init to be called *first*, i.e. before static object allocation.
-// Otherwise, statically allocated objects that need libmaple may fail.
-__attribute__((constructor)) void premain() {
+// Otherwise, statically allocated object that need libmaple may fail.
+ __attribute__(( constructor )) void premain() {
     init();
 }
 
-int main(void) {
+int main(void)
+{
     setup();
 
     while (1) {
diff --git a/examples/test-dac.cpp b/examples/test-dac.cpp
index 6f08b05..3a699e2 100644
--- a/examples/test-dac.cpp
+++ b/examples/test-dac.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
+
 #include "wirish.h"
+#include "fsmc.h"
+#include "rcc.h"
+#include "gpio.h"
 #include "dac.h"
 
 uint16 count = 0;
diff --git a/examples/test-fsmc.cpp b/examples/test-fsmc.cpp
index d1c8567..f4fd068 100644
--- a/examples/test-fsmc.cpp
+++ b/examples/test-fsmc.cpp
@@ -1,111 +1,119 @@
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stddef.h>
 
 #include "wirish.h"
 #include "fsmc.h"
 
-#define LED       BOARD_LED_PIN
-
-// Start of FSMC SRAM bank 1
-static uint16 *const ptr_start = (uint16*)0x60000000;
-// End of Maple Native SRAM chip address space (512K 16-bit words)
-static uint16 *const ptr_end = (uint16*)0x60080000;
-// For snprintf
-static char buf[100];
+#define LED_PIN  23 // hack for maple native
+#define DISC_PIN 14 // hack for USB on native
+
+// System control block registers
+#define SCB_BASE    (SCB_Reg*)(0xE000ED00)
+
+// This stuff should ultimately get moved to util.h or scb.h or w/e. 
+// Also in interactive test program and the HardFault IRQ handler.
+typedef struct {
+    volatile uint32 CPUID;
+    volatile uint32 ICSR;
+    volatile uint32 VTOR;
+    volatile uint32 AIRCR;
+    volatile uint32 SCR;
+    volatile uint32 CCR;
+    volatile uint32 SHPR1;
+    volatile uint32 SHPR2;
+    volatile uint32 SHPR3;
+    volatile uint32 SHCRS;
+    volatile uint32 CFSR;
+    volatile uint32 HFSR;
+    uint32 pad1;   
+    volatile uint32 MMAR;
+    volatile uint32 BFAR;
+} SCB_Reg;
+
+SCB_Reg *scb; 
+
+uint16 *ptr;
+int toggle = 0;
+int count = 0;
 
 void setup() {
-    pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);
-    digitalWrite(LED, HIGH);
-
-    Serial1.begin(115200);
-    Serial1.println("Hello World!");
-
-    Serial1.print("Initializing RAM chip... ");
-    fsmc_native_sram_init();
-    Serial1.println("Done.");
+   uint32 id;
+   scb = (SCB_Reg*)SCB_BASE;
+
+   pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
+   pinMode(DISC_PIN, OUTPUT);
+   digitalWrite(DISC_PIN,1);
+   digitalWrite(LED_PIN,1);
+
+   Serial1.begin(9600);
+   Serial1.println("Hello World!");
+
+   Serial1.print("Init... ");
+   fsmc_native_sram_init();
+   Serial1.println("Done.");
+
+   // Start of channel1 SRAM bank (through to 0x63FFFFFF, though only a chunk
+   // of this is valid)
+   ptr = (uint16*)(0x60000000);
+
+   Serial1.print("Writing... ");
+   *ptr = 0x1234;
+   Serial1.println("Done.");
+
+   Serial1.print("Reading... ");
+   id = *ptr;
+   Serial1.print("Done: ");     // shouldn't be 0xFFFFFFFF
+   Serial1.println(id,BIN);
+
+   Serial1.println("Dumping System Control Block Registers");
+   Serial1.print("CPUID: ");
+   id = scb->CPUID;
+   Serial1.println(id,BIN);
+   Serial1.print("ICSR:  ");
+   id = scb->ICSR;
+   Serial1.println(id,BIN);
+   Serial1.print("CFSR:  ");
+   id = scb->CFSR;
+   Serial1.println(id,BIN);
+   Serial1.print("HFSR:  ");
+   id = scb->HFSR;
+   Serial1.println(id,BIN);
+   Serial1.print("MMAR:  ");
+   id = scb->MMAR;
+   Serial1.println(id,BIN);
+   Serial1.print("BFAR:  ");
+   id = scb->BFAR;
+   Serial1.println(id,BIN);
+    
+   Serial1.println("Now testing all memory addresses... (will hardfault at the end)");
+   delay(3000);
 }
 
-void test_single_write() {
-    uint16 *ptr = ptr_start;
-    uint16 tmp;
-
-    Serial1.print("Writing 0x1234... ");
-    *ptr = 0x1234;
-    Serial1.println("Done.");
-
-    Serial1.print("Reading... ");
-    tmp = *ptr;
-    Serial1.print("Done: 0x");
-    Serial1.println(tmp, HEX);
-
-    if (tmp != 0x1234) {
-        Serial1.println("Mismatch, abort.");
-        ASSERT(0);
-    }
-}
-
-void test_all_addresses() {
-    uint32 start, end;
-    uint16 count = 0;
-    uint16 *ptr;
-    Serial1.println("Now writing all memory addresses (unrolled loop)");
-    SerialUSB.end();
-    start = micros();
-    for (ptr = ptr_start; ptr < ptr_end;) {
-        *ptr++ = count++;
-        *ptr++ = count++;
-        *ptr++ = count++;
-        *ptr++ = count++;
-        *ptr++ = count++;
-        *ptr++ = count++;
-        *ptr++ = count++;
-        *ptr++ = count++;
-        *ptr++ = count++;
-        *ptr++ = count++;
-        *ptr++ = count++;
-        *ptr++ = count++;
-        *ptr++ = count++;
-        *ptr++ = count++;
-        *ptr++ = count++;
-        *ptr++ = count++;
-    }
-    end = micros();
-    SerialUSB.begin();
-    Serial1.print("Done. Elapsed time (us): ");
-    Serial1.println(end - start);
-
-    Serial1.println("Validating writes.");
-    for (ptr = ptr_start, count = 0; ptr < ptr_end; ptr++, count++) {
-        if (*ptr != count) {
-            snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "mismatch: %p = 0x%xu, should be 0x%xu.",
-                     ptr, *ptr, count);
-            Serial1.println(buf);
-            ASSERT(0);
+void loop() {
+   digitalWrite(LED_PIN, toggle);
+   toggle ^= 1;
+   delay(1);
+
+   for(int i = 0; i<100; i++) {   // modify this to speed things up
+        count++;
+        ptr++;
+        //delay(10);    // tweak this to test SRAM resiliance over time
+        *ptr = (0x0000FFFF & count);
+        if(*ptr != (0x0000FFFF & count)) {
+                Serial1.println("ERROR: mismatch, halting");
+                while(1) { }
         }
-    }
-    ptrdiff_t nwrites = ptr_end - ptr_start;
-    double us_per_write = double(end-start) / double(nwrites);
-    Serial1.println("Done; all writes seem valid.");
-    snprintf(buf, sizeof buf,
-             "Number of writes = %d; avg. time per write = %g us (%g MHz)",
-             nwrites, us_per_write, 1 / us_per_write);
-    Serial1.println(buf);
-}
-
-__attribute__((constructor)) void premain() {
-    init();
+   }
+   
+   Serial1.print((uint32)(ptr),HEX);
+   Serial1.print(": ");
+   Serial1.println(*ptr,BIN);
 }
 
 int main(void) {
-    setup();
-
-    test_single_write();
-    test_all_addresses();
-
-    Serial1.println("Tests pass, finished.");
-
-    while (true)
-        ;
+   init();
+   setup();
 
-    return 0;
+   while (1) {
+      loop();
+   }
+   return 0;
 }
diff --git a/examples/test-ring-buffer-insertion.cpp b/examples/test-ring-buffer-insertion.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 8372a96..0000000
--- a/examples/test-ring-buffer-insertion.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Simple ring_buffer test.
- *
- * Does a basic test of functionality on rb_full_count(), rb_reset(),
- * rb_push_insert(), and rb_safe_insert().
- *
- * To test (no external hardware required):
- *
- *     - Connect a serial monitor to SerialUSB
- *     - Press any key
- *
- * This file is released into the public domain.
- */
-
-#include "wirish.h"
-
-#include "ring_buffer.h"
-
-#define BUF_SIZE 64
-ring_buffer ring_buf;
-ring_buffer *rb;
-uint8 rb_buffer[BUF_SIZE];
-
-void test_rb_push_insert(int num_bytes_to_insert);
-void test_rb_safe_insert(int num_bytes_to_insert);
-void test_rb_insertion_function(int num_bytes_to_insert,
-                                int (*insertion_fn)(ring_buffer*, uint8),
-                                const char insertion_fn_name[]);
-void print_rb_contents(void);
-
-void setup() {
-    rb = &ring_buf;
-    rb_init(rb, BUF_SIZE, rb_buffer);
-
-    while (!SerialUSB.available())
-        ;
-
-    SerialUSB.println("Beginning test.");
-    SerialUSB.println();
-}
-
-void loop() {
-    test_rb_push_insert(63);
-    SerialUSB.println("------------------------------");
-    test_rb_push_insert(64);
-    SerialUSB.println("------------------------------");
-    test_rb_safe_insert(63);
-    SerialUSB.println("------------------------------");
-    test_rb_safe_insert(64);
-    SerialUSB.println("------------------------------");
-
-    SerialUSB.println();
-    SerialUSB.println("Test finished.");
-    while (true)
-        ;
-}
-
-void test_rb_push_insert(int num_bytes_to_insert) {
-    test_rb_insertion_function(num_bytes_to_insert,
-                               rb_push_insert,
-                               "rb_push_insert()");
-}
-
-void test_rb_safe_insert(int num_bytes_to_insert) {
-    test_rb_insertion_function(num_bytes_to_insert,
-                               rb_safe_insert,
-                               "rb_safe_insert()");
-}
-
-void test_rb_insertion_function(int num_bytes_to_insert,
-                                int (*insertion_fn)(ring_buffer *, uint8),
-                                const char insertion_fn_name[]) {
-    SerialUSB.println("resetting ring buffer.");
-    rb_reset(rb);
-    print_rb_contents();
-
-    SerialUSB.print(insertion_fn_name);
-    SerialUSB.print("-ing ");
-    SerialUSB.print(num_bytes_to_insert);
-    SerialUSB.println(" bytes.");
-    for (uint8 i = 1; i <= num_bytes_to_insert; i++)
-        insertion_fn(rb, i);
-
-    uint16 count = rb_full_count(rb);
-    SerialUSB.print("rb_full_count(rb) = ");
-    SerialUSB.println(count);
-
-    print_rb_contents();
-}
-
-void print_rb_contents() {
-    uint16 count = rb_full_count(rb);
-    SerialUSB.print("ring buffer contents: ");
-    for (uint16 i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-        SerialUSB.print((int)rb_remove(rb));
-        if (i < count - 1) SerialUSB.print(", ");
-    }
-    SerialUSB.println();
-}
-
-// Force init to be called *first*, i.e. before static object allocation.
-// Otherwise, statically allocated objects that need libmaple may fail.
-__attribute__((constructor)) void premain() {
-    init();
-}
-
-int main(void) {
-    setup();
-
-    while (true) {
-        loop();
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
diff --git a/examples/test-serial-flush.cpp b/examples/test-serial-flush.cpp
index 1cd82b6..d7fbf7a 100644
--- a/examples/test-serial-flush.cpp
+++ b/examples/test-serial-flush.cpp
@@ -2,13 +2,22 @@
 
 #include "wirish.h"
 
-void setup() {
+void setup()
+{
     /* Send a message out USART2  */
     Serial2.begin(9600);
     Serial2.println("Hello world!");
 }
 
+int toggle = 0;
+
 void loop() {
+
+    Serial2.println("This is the first line.");
+    Serial2.end();
+    Serial2.println("This is the second line.");
+
+    Serial2.begin(9600);
     Serial2.println("Waiting for multiple input...");
     while(Serial2.available() < 5) { }
     Serial2.println(Serial2.read());
@@ -20,12 +29,13 @@ void loop() {
 }
 
 // Force init to be called *first*, i.e. before static object allocation.
-// Otherwise, statically allocated objects that need libmaple may fail.
-__attribute__((constructor)) void premain() {
+// Otherwise, statically allocated object that need libmaple may fail.
+ __attribute__(( constructor )) void premain() {
     init();
 }
 
-int main(void) {
+int main(void)
+{
     setup();
 
     while (1) {
diff --git a/examples/test-serialusb.cpp b/examples/test-serialusb.cpp
index 678c2b9..9d0a862 100644
--- a/examples/test-serialusb.cpp
+++ b/examples/test-serialusb.cpp
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
-// Tests SerialUSB functionality.
+// Sample main.cpp file. Blinks an LED, sends a message out USART2
+// and turns on PWM on pin 2
 
 #include "wirish.h"
 #include "usb.h"
 
-#define LED_PIN BOARD_LED_PIN
-#define BUT_PIN BOARD_BUTTON_PIN
+#define LED_PIN 13
+#define BUT_PIN 38
 
 uint32 state = 0;
 #define QUICKPRINT  0
@@ -13,29 +14,33 @@ uint32 state = 0;
 #define SIMPLE      3
 #define ONOFF       4
 
-void setup() {
+
+void setup()
+{
     /* Set up the LED to blink  */
     pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
 
     /* Set up the Button */
-    pinMode(BUT_PIN, INPUT);
+    pinMode(BUT_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);
 
     Serial2.begin(9600);
-    Serial2.println("This is the debug channel. Press BUT.");
-
-    waitForButtonPress(0);
+    Serial2.println("Hello world! This is the debug channel.");
 }
 
+int toggle = 0;
+
 uint8 c1 = '-';
 
 void loop() {
-    toggleLED();
+    toggle ^= 1;
+    digitalWrite(LED_PIN, toggle);
     delay(1000);
 
-    if(isButtonPressed()) {
+    if(digitalRead(BUT_PIN)) {
+        while(digitalRead(BUT_PIN)) {};
         state++;
     }
-
+    
     switch(state) {
         case QUICKPRINT:
             for(int i = 0; i<30; i++) {
@@ -43,34 +48,34 @@ void loop() {
                 SerialUSB.print('.');
                 SerialUSB.print('|');
             }
-            Serial2.println(SerialUSB.pending(), DEC);
+            Serial2.println(SerialUSB.pending(),DEC);
             SerialUSB.println();
             break;
         case BIGSTUFF:
-            SerialUSB.println("0123456789012345678901234567890123456789"
-                              "0123456789012345678901234567890123456789"
-                              "012345678901234567890");
-            SerialUSB.println((int64)123456789, DEC);
+            SerialUSB.println("01234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890");
+            SerialUSB.println((uint32)123456789,DEC);
             SerialUSB.println(3.1415926535);
-            Serial2.println(SerialUSB.pending(), DEC);
+            Serial2.println(SerialUSB.pending(),DEC);
             break;
         case NUMBERS:
             SerialUSB.println("Numbers! -----------------------------");
             Serial2.println("Numbers! -----------------------------");
             SerialUSB.println('1');
             Serial2.println('1');
-            SerialUSB.println(1, DEC);
-            Serial2.println(1, DEC);
-            SerialUSB.println(-1, DEC);
-            Serial2.println(-1, DEC);
+            SerialUSB.println(1,DEC);
+            Serial2.println(1,DEC);
+            SerialUSB.println(-1,DEC);
+            Serial2.println(-1,DEC);
             SerialUSB.println(3.14159265);
             Serial2.println(3.14159265);
-            SerialUSB.println(123456789, DEC);
-            Serial2.println(123456789, DEC);
-            SerialUSB.println(-123456789, DEC);
-            Serial2.println(-123456789, DEC);
-            SerialUSB.println(65535, HEX);
-            Serial2.println(65535, HEX);
+            SerialUSB.println(3.14159265,9);
+            Serial2.println(3.14159265,9);
+            SerialUSB.println(123456789,DEC);
+            Serial2.println(123456789,DEC);
+            SerialUSB.println(-123456789,DEC);
+            Serial2.println(-123456789,DEC);
+            SerialUSB.println(65535,HEX);
+            Serial2.println(65535,HEX);
             break;
         case SIMPLE:
             Serial2.println("Trying write('a')");
@@ -87,8 +92,8 @@ void loop() {
             SerialUSB.print("hij\n\r");
             SerialUSB.write(' ');
             SerialUSB.println();
-            Serial2.println("Trying println(123456789, DEC)");
-            SerialUSB.println(123456789, DEC);
+            Serial2.println("Trying println(123456789,DEC)");
+            SerialUSB.println(123456789);
             Serial2.println("Trying println(3.141592)");
             SerialUSB.println(3.141592);
             Serial2.println("Trying println(\"DONE\")");
@@ -98,12 +103,12 @@ void loop() {
             Serial2.println("Shutting down...");
             SerialUSB.println("Shutting down...");
             SerialUSB.end();
-            Serial2.println("Waiting 4 seconds...");
+            Serial2.println("Waiting 4seconds...");
             delay(4000);
             Serial2.println("Starting up...");
             SerialUSB.begin();
             SerialUSB.println("Hello World!");
-            Serial2.println("Waiting 4 seconds...");
+            Serial2.println("Waiting 4seconds...");
             delay(4000);
             state++;
             break;
@@ -113,12 +118,13 @@ void loop() {
 }
 
 // Force init to be called *first*, i.e. before static object allocation.
-// Otherwise, statically allocated objects that need libmaple may fail.
-__attribute__((constructor)) void premain() {
+// Otherwise, statically allocated object that need libmaple may fail.
+ __attribute__(( constructor )) void premain() {
     init();
 }
 
-int main(void) {
+int main(void)
+{
     setup();
 
     while (1) {
diff --git a/examples/test-session.cpp b/examples/test-session.cpp
index c473521..845547d 100644
--- a/examples/test-session.cpp
+++ b/examples/test-session.cpp
@@ -20,51 +20,27 @@
 
 int rate = 0;
 
-#if defined(BOARD_maple) || defined(BOARD_maple_RET6)
-
-#elif defined(BOARD_maple_mini)
-
-#elif defined(BOARD_maple_native)
-const uint8[] pins_to_skip = {LED_PIN};
-
-#else
-#error "Board not selected correctly."
-#endif
-
 #if defined(BOARD_maple)
 const uint8 pwm_pins[] =
     {0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 24, 25, 27, 28};
 const uint8 adc_pins[] =
     {0, 1, 2, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 27, 28};
-const uint8 pins_to_skip[] = {LED_PIN};
 
 #elif defined(BOARD_maple_mini)
-#define USB_DP 23
-#define USB_DM 24
 const uint8 pwm_pins[] = {3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 25, 26, 27};
 const uint8 adc_pins[] = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 33}; // NB: 33 is LED
-const uint8 pins_to_skip[] = {LED_PIN, USB_DP, USB_DM};
 
 #elif defined(BOARD_maple_native)
-const uint8 pwm_pins[] = {
-    12, 13, 14, 15, 22, 23, 24, 25, 37, 38, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 53, 54};
-const uint8 adc_pins[] = {
-    6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
-    /* FIXME These are on ADC3, which lacks support:
-       39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, */
-    46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54};
-const uint8 pins_to_skip[] = {LED_PIN};
-
-#elif defined(BOARD_maple_RET6)
-const uint8 pwm_pins[] =
-    {0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 24, 25, 27, 28, 35, 37, 37,
-     38};                       // NB 38 is BUT
-const uint8 adc_pins[] =
-    {0, 1, 2, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 27, 28};
-const uint8 pins_to_skip[] = {LED_PIN};
+const uint8 pwm_pins[] = {12, 13, 14, 15, 22, 23, 24, 25, 37, 38, 45,
+                          46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 53, 54};
+const uint8 adc_pins[] = {6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
+                          /* the following are on ADC3, which lacks support:
+                             39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, */
+                          46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54};
 
 #else
-#error "Board type has not been selected correctly."
+#error "Board type has not been selected correctly"
+
 #endif
 
 uint8 gpio_state[NR_GPIO_PINS];
@@ -86,7 +62,6 @@ void cmd_sequential_pwm_test(void);
 void cmd_pwm_sweep(void);
 void cmd_servo_sweep(void);
 
-bool skip_pin_p(uint8 pin);
 void measure_adc_noise(uint8 pin);
 void fast_gpio(int pin);
 void do_serials(HardwareSerial **serials, int n, unsigned baud);
@@ -103,12 +78,12 @@ void setup() {
 
     // Send a message out over COMM interface
     COMM.println(" ");
-    COMM.println("    __   __            _      _ ");
+    COMM.println("    __   __             _      _");
     COMM.println("   |  \\/  | __ _ _ __ | | ___| |");
     COMM.println("   | |\\/| |/ _` | '_ \\| |/ _ \\ |");
     COMM.println("   | |  | | (_| | |_) | |  __/_|");
     COMM.println("   |_|  |_|\\__,_| .__/|_|\\___(_)");
-    COMM.println("                |_|");
+    COMM.println("                 |_|");
     COMM.println("                              by leaflabs");
     COMM.println("");
     COMM.println("");
@@ -299,7 +274,7 @@ void cmd_print_help(void) {
     COMM.println("\tr: Monitor and print GPIO status changes");
     COMM.println("\ts: output a sweeping servo PWM on all PWM channels");
     COMM.println("\tm: output data on USART1 and USART3 with various rates");
-    COMM.println("\t+: test shield mode (for QA; will disrupt USARTS)");
+    COMM.println("\t+: test shield mode (for QA, will disrupt Serial2!)");
 
     COMM.println("Unimplemented:");
     COMM.println("\te: do everything all at once until new input");
@@ -319,11 +294,11 @@ void measure_adc_noise(uint8 pin) { // TODO
 
     // variance algorithm from knuth; see wikipedia
     // checked against python
-    for(int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+    for(int i = 0; i<100; i++) {
         data[i] = analogRead(pin);
         delta = data[i] - mean;
-        mean = mean + delta/(i + 1);
-        M2 = M2 + delta * (data[i] - mean);
+        mean = mean + delta/(i+1);
+        M2 = M2 + delta*(data[i] - mean);
     }
 
     //sqrt is broken?
@@ -338,7 +313,7 @@ void measure_adc_noise(uint8 pin) { // TODO
 void cmd_adc_stats(void) {
     COMM.println("Taking ADC noise stats...");
     digitalWrite(BOARD_LED_PIN, 0);
-    for(uint32 i = 0; i < sizeof(adc_pins); i++) {
+    for(uint32 i = 0; i<sizeof(adc_pins); i++) {
         delay(5);
         measure_adc_noise(adc_pins[i]);
     }
@@ -347,21 +322,21 @@ void cmd_adc_stats(void) {
 void cmd_stressful_adc_stats(void) {
     COMM.println("Taking ADC noise stats under duress...");
     digitalWrite(BOARD_LED_PIN, 0);
-    for(uint32 i = 0; i < sizeof(adc_pins); i++) {
+    for(uint32 i = 0; i<sizeof(adc_pins); i++) {
         // spool up PWM
-        for(uint32 j = 2; j < (uint32)sizeof(pwm_pins); j++) {
+        for(uint32 j = 2; j<(uint32)sizeof(pwm_pins); j++) {
             if(adc_pins[i] != pwm_pins[j]) {
-                pinMode(pwm_pins[j], PWM);
+                pinMode(pwm_pins[j],PWM);
                 pwmWrite(pwm_pins[j], 1000 + i);
             }
         }
         SerialUSB.print(dummy_dat);
         SerialUSB.print(dummy_dat);
         measure_adc_noise(adc_pins[i]);
-        for(uint32 j = 2; j < (uint32)sizeof(pwm_pins); j++) {
+        for(uint32 j = 2; j<(uint32)sizeof(pwm_pins); j++) {
             if(adc_pins[i] != pwm_pins[j]) {
-                pinMode(pwm_pins[j], OUTPUT);
-                digitalWrite(pwm_pins[j], 0);
+                pinMode(pwm_pins[j],OUTPUT);
+                digitalWrite(pwm_pins[j],0);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -433,12 +408,12 @@ void cmd_gpio_monitoring(void) {
     COMM.println("Monitoring GPIO read state changes. Press any key.");
     digitalWrite(BOARD_LED_PIN, 0);
     // make sure to skip the TX/RX headers
-    for(int i = 2; i < NR_GPIO_PINS; i++) {
+    for(int i = 2; i<NR_GPIO_PINS; i++) {
         pinMode(i, INPUT_PULLDOWN);
         gpio_state[i] = (uint8)digitalRead(i);
     }
     while(!COMM.available()) {
-        for(int i = 2; i < NR_GPIO_PINS; i++) {
+        for(int i = 2; i<NR_GPIO_PINS; i++) {
             uint8 current_state = (uint8)digitalRead(i);
             if(current_state != gpio_state[i]) {
                 COMM.print("State change on header D");
@@ -449,7 +424,7 @@ void cmd_gpio_monitoring(void) {
             }
         }
     }
-    for(int i = 2; i < NR_GPIO_PINS; i++) {
+    for(int i = 2; i<NR_GPIO_PINS; i++) {
         pinMode(i, OUTPUT);
     }
 }
@@ -459,7 +434,7 @@ void cmd_sequential_adc_reads(void) {
     COMM.println("Press any key for next port, or ESC to stop.");
     digitalWrite(LED_PIN, 0);
     // make sure to skip the TX/RX headers
-    for(uint32 i = 2; i < sizeof(adc_pins); i++) {
+    for(uint32 i = 2; i<sizeof(adc_pins); i++) {
         COMM.print("Reading on header D");
         COMM.print(adc_pins[i], DEC);
         COMM.println("...");
@@ -471,13 +446,13 @@ void cmd_sequential_adc_reads(void) {
             COMM.print(sample,DEC);
             COMM.print("\t");
             COMM.print("|");
-            for(int j = 0; j < 4096; j += 100) {
+            for(int j = 0; j<4096; j+= 100) {
                 if(sample >= j) COMM.print("#");
                 else COMM.print(" ");
             }
             COMM.print("| ");
-            for(int j = 0; j < 12; j++) {
-                if(sample & (1 << (11 - j))) COMM.print("1");
+            for(int j = 0; j<12; j++) {
+                if(sample & (1 << (11-j))) COMM.print("1");
                 else COMM.print("0");
             }
             COMM.println("");
@@ -491,37 +466,32 @@ void cmd_sequential_adc_reads(void) {
 void cmd_gpio_qa(void) {
     COMM.println("Doing QA testing for most GPIO pins...");
     digitalWrite(BOARD_LED_PIN, 0);
-    for(int i = 0; i < NR_GPIO_PINS; i++) {
+    for(int i = 0; i<NR_GPIO_PINS; i++) {
         pinMode(i, INPUT);
         gpio_state[i] = 0;
     }
-    COMM.println("Waiting to start; press a key.");
+    COMM.println("Waiting to start...");
     while(digitalRead(0) != 1 && !COMM.available()) {
         continue;
     }
-    for(int i = 0; i < NR_GPIO_PINS; i++) {
-        if(skip_pin_p(i)) {
-            COMM.print("Not checking pin ");
-            COMM.println(i);
+    for(int i=0; i<38; i++) {
+        if(i == BOARD_LED_PIN) {
+            COMM.println("Not checking LED");
             continue;
         }
-        COMM.print("Checking pin ");
-        COMM.print(i, DEC);
+        COMM.print("Checking D");
+        COMM.print(i,DEC);
         while(digitalRead(i) == 0) continue;
-        for(int j = 0; j < NR_GPIO_PINS; j++) {
-            if (skip_pin_p(j))
-                continue;
-            if(digitalRead(j) && j != i) {
+        for(int j=0; j<NR_GPIO_PINS; j++) {
+            if(digitalRead(j) && j!=i) {
                 COMM.print(": FAIL ########################### D");
                 COMM.println(j, DEC);
                 break;
             }
         }
         while(digitalRead(i) == 1) continue;
-        for(int j = 0; j < NR_GPIO_PINS; j++) {
-            if (skip_pin_p(j))
-                continue;
-            if(digitalRead(j) && j != i) {
+        for(int j=0; j<NR_GPIO_PINS; j++) {
+            if(digitalRead(j) && j!=i) {
                 COMM.print(": FAIL ########################### D");
                 COMM.println(j, DEC);
                 break;
@@ -529,28 +499,20 @@ void cmd_gpio_qa(void) {
         }
         COMM.println(": Ok!");
     }
-    for(int i = 0; i < NR_GPIO_PINS; i++) {
+    for(int i = 0; i<NR_GPIO_PINS; i++) {
         pinMode(i, OUTPUT);
         digitalWrite(i, 0);
     }
 }
 
-bool skip_pin_p(uint8 pin) {
-    for (uint8 i = 0; i < sizeof(pins_to_skip); i++) {
-        if (pin == pins_to_skip[i])
-            return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
 void cmd_sequential_gpio_writes(void) {
     COMM.print("Sequentially toggling all pins except D0, D1. ");
     COMM.println("Anything for next, ESC to stop.");
     digitalWrite(BOARD_LED_PIN, 0);
     // make sure to skip the TX/RX headers
-    for(uint32 i = 2; i < NR_GPIO_PINS; i++) {
+    for(uint32 i = 2; i<NR_GPIO_PINS; i++) {
         COMM.print("GPIO write out on header D");
-        COMM.print((int)i, DEC);
+        COMM.print(i, DEC);
         COMM.println("...");
         pinMode(i, OUTPUT);
         do {
@@ -565,15 +527,15 @@ void cmd_gpio_toggling(void) {
     COMM.println("Toggling all GPIOs simultaneously. Press any key.");
     digitalWrite(BOARD_LED_PIN, 0);
     // make sure to skip the TX/RX headers
-    for(uint32 i = 2; i < NR_GPIO_PINS; i++) {
+    for(uint32 i = 2; i<NR_GPIO_PINS; i++) {
         pinMode(i, OUTPUT);
     }
     while(!COMM.available()) {
-        for(uint32 i = 2; i < NR_GPIO_PINS; i++) {
+        for(uint32 i = 2; i<NR_GPIO_PINS; i++) {
             togglePin(i);
         }
     }
-    for(uint32 i = 2; i < NR_GPIO_PINS; i++) {
+    for(uint32 i = 2; i<NR_GPIO_PINS; i++) {
         digitalWrite(i, 0);
     }
 }
@@ -584,7 +546,7 @@ void cmd_sequential_pwm_test(void) {
     COMM.println("Press any key for next, ESC to stop.");
     digitalWrite(BOARD_LED_PIN, 0);
     // make sure to skip the TX/RX headers
-    for(uint32 i = 2; i < sizeof(pwm_pins); i++) {
+    for(uint32 i = 2; i<sizeof(pwm_pins); i++) {
         COMM.print("PWM out on header D");
         COMM.print(pwm_pins[i], DEC);
         COMM.println("...");
@@ -601,19 +563,19 @@ void cmd_pwm_sweep(void) {
     COMM.println("Testing all PWM ports with a sweep. Press any key.");
     digitalWrite(BOARD_LED_PIN, 0);
     // make sure to skip the TX/RX pins
-    for(uint32 i = 2; i < sizeof(pwm_pins); i++) {
+    for(uint32 i = 2; i<sizeof(pwm_pins); i++) {
         pinMode(pwm_pins[i], PWM);
         pwmWrite(pwm_pins[i], 4000);
     }
     while(!COMM.available()) {
         rate += 20;
         if(rate > 65500) rate = 0;
-        for(uint32 i = 2; i < sizeof(pwm_pins); i++) {
+        for(uint32 i = 2; i<sizeof(pwm_pins); i++) {
             pwmWrite(pwm_pins[i], rate);
         }
         delay(1);
     }
-    for(uint32 i = 2; i < sizeof(pwm_pins); i++) {
+    for(uint32 i = 2; i<sizeof(pwm_pins); i++) {
         pinMode(pwm_pins[i], OUTPUT);
     }
 }
@@ -624,7 +586,7 @@ void cmd_servo_sweep(void) {
     digitalWrite(BOARD_LED_PIN, 0);
     init_all_timers(21);
     // make sure to skip the TX/RX headers
-    for(uint32 i = 2; i < sizeof(pwm_pins); i++) {
+    for(uint32 i = 2; i<sizeof(pwm_pins); i++) {
         pinMode(pwm_pins[i], PWM);
         pwmWrite(pwm_pins[i], 4000);
     }
@@ -635,12 +597,12 @@ void cmd_servo_sweep(void) {
     while(!COMM.available()) {
         rate += 20;
         if(rate > 5734) rate = 4096;
-        for(uint32 i = 2; i < sizeof(pwm_pins); i++) {
+        for(uint32 i = 2; i<sizeof(pwm_pins); i++) {
             pwmWrite(pwm_pins[i], rate);
         }
         delay(20);
     }
-    for(uint32 i = 2; i < sizeof(pwm_pins); i++) {
+    for(uint32 i = 2; i<sizeof(pwm_pins); i++) {
         pinMode(pwm_pins[i], OUTPUT);
     }
     init_all_timers(1);
@@ -664,12 +626,13 @@ void init_all_timers(uint16 prescale) {
 
 
 // Force init to be called *first*, i.e. before static object allocation.
-// Otherwise, statically allocated objects that need libmaple may fail.
-__attribute__((constructor)) void premain() {
+// Otherwise, statically allocated object that need libmaple may fail.
+__attribute__(( constructor )) void premain() {
     init();
 }
 
-int main(void) {
+int main(void)
+{
     setup();
 
     while (1) {
diff --git a/examples/test-systick.cpp b/examples/test-systick.cpp
index c7b5529..247892d 100644
--- a/examples/test-systick.cpp
+++ b/examples/test-systick.cpp
@@ -3,48 +3,54 @@
 #include "wirish.h"
 #include "systick.h"
 
-#define LED_PIN BOARD_LED_PIN
-#define PWM_PIN 2
-#define BUT     BOARD_BUTTON_PIN
+#define LED_PIN 13
+#define PWM_PIN  2
+#define BUT     38
 
-void setup() {
+void setup()
+{
     /* Set up the LED to blink  */
     pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
-    pinMode(BUT, INPUT);
+
+    /* Turn on PWM on pin PWM_PIN */
+    pinMode(PWM_PIN, PWM);
+    pwmWrite(PWM_PIN, 0x8000);
+
+    pinMode(BUT, INPUT_PULLDOWN);
 }
 
-bool disable = true;
+int toggle = 0;
 long time = 0;
 
 void loop() {
-    volatile int i = 0;
-    toggleLED();
+    toggle ^= 1;
+    digitalWrite(LED_PIN, toggle);
 
     // An artificial delay
-    for(i = 0; i < 150000; i++)
-        ;
-
-    if(isButtonPressed()) {
-        if (disable) {
-            systick_disable();
-            SerialUSB.println("Disabling SysTick");
-        } else {
-            SerialUSB.println("Re-enabling SysTick");
-            systick_resume();
-        }
-        disable = !disable;
+    int16 i = 1;
+    float j = 1;
+    for(i=0; i<6553; i++) {
+        j = sqrt(j) + 1; 
+    }
+        
+    if(digitalRead(BUT)) {
+        systick_disable();
+    } else {
+        systick_resume();
     }
 
+    //SerialUSB.println(micros());      // there is a bug with this
     SerialUSB.println(millis());
 }
 
 // Force init to be called *first*, i.e. before static object allocation.
 // Otherwise, statically allocated object that need libmaple may fail.
-__attribute__((constructor)) void premain() {
+ __attribute__(( constructor )) void premain() {
     init();
 }
 
-int main(void) {
+int main(void)
+{
     setup();
 
     while (1) {
diff --git a/examples/test-timers.cpp b/examples/test-timers.cpp
index f3cfdcc..ccba251 100644
--- a/examples/test-timers.cpp
+++ b/examples/test-timers.cpp
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "wirish.h"
 
-#define LED_PIN BOARD_LED_PIN
+#define LED_PIN 13
 
 void handler1(void);
 void handler2(void);
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ void handler4(void);
 void handler3b(void);
 void handler4b(void);
 
+int toggle = 0;
 int t;
 
 int count1 = 0;
@@ -35,24 +36,25 @@ void setup()
     pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
 
     // Setup the button as input
-    pinMode(BOARD_BUTTON_PIN, INPUT);
+    pinMode(38, INPUT_PULLUP);
 
-    // Wait for user to attach...
-    waitForButtonPress(0);
-
-    // Send a message out SerialUSB
-    SerialUSB.println("Beginning timer test...");
+    /* Send a message out USART2  */
+    //SerialUSB.begin(9600);
+    SerialUSB.println("Begining timer test...");
     for(int t=0; t<4; t++) {
         Timers[t].setChannel1Mode(TIMER_OUTPUTCOMPARE);
         Timers[t].setChannel2Mode(TIMER_OUTPUTCOMPARE);
         Timers[t].setChannel3Mode(TIMER_OUTPUTCOMPARE);
         Timers[t].setChannel4Mode(TIMER_OUTPUTCOMPARE);
     }
+    
+    // Wait for user to attach...
+    delay(2000);
 }
 
 void loop() {
     SerialUSB.println("-----------------------------------------------------");
-    SerialUSB.println("Testing setCount/getCount");
+    SerialUSB.println("Testing setCount/getCount"); 
     SerialUSB.print("Timer1.getCount() = "); SerialUSB.println(Timer1.getCount());
     SerialUSB.println("Timer1.setCount(1234)");
     Timer1.setCount(1234);
@@ -61,7 +63,7 @@ void loop() {
     // down Timer4 is in the "pause" state and the timer doesn't increment, so
     // the final counts should reflect the ratio of time that BUT was held down
     SerialUSB.println("-----------------------------------------------------");
-    SerialUSB.println("Testing Pause/Resume; button roughly controls Timer4");
+    SerialUSB.println("Testing Pause/Resume; button roughly controls Timer4"); 
     count3 = 0;
     count4 = 0;
     Timer3.setChannel1Mode(TIMER_OUTPUTCOMPARE);
@@ -78,9 +80,9 @@ void loop() {
     Timer4.attachCompare1Interrupt(handler4b);
     Timer3.resume();
     Timer4.resume();
-    SerialUSB.println("~4 seconds...");
+    SerialUSB.println("~4 seconds..."); 
     for(int i = 0; i<4000; i++) {
-        if(isButtonPressed()) {
+        if(digitalRead(38)) {
             Timer4.pause();
         } else {
             Timer4.resume();
@@ -94,14 +96,14 @@ void loop() {
 
     // These test the setPeriod auto-configure functionality
     SerialUSB.println("-----------------------------------------------------");
-    SerialUSB.println("Testing setPeriod");
+    SerialUSB.println("Testing setPeriod"); 
     Timer4.setChannel1Mode(TIMER_OUTPUTCOMPARE);
     Timer4.setCompare1(1);
-    Timer4.setPeriod(10);
+    Timer4.setPeriod(10); 
     Timer4.pause();
     Timer4.setCount(0);
     Timer4.attachCompare1Interrupt(handler4b);
-    SerialUSB.println("Period 10ms, wait 2 seconds...");
+    SerialUSB.println("Period 10ms, wait 2 seconds..."); 
     count4 = 0;
     Timer4.resume();
     delay(2000);
@@ -112,10 +114,10 @@ void loop() {
     Timer4.setChannel1Mode(TIMER_OUTPUTCOMPARE);
     Timer4.setCompare1(1);
     Timer4.pause();
-    Timer4.setPeriod(30000);
+    Timer4.setPeriod(30000); 
     Timer4.setCount(0);
     Timer4.attachCompare1Interrupt(handler4b);
-    SerialUSB.println("Period 30000ms, wait 2 seconds...");
+    SerialUSB.println("Period 30000ms, wait 2 seconds..."); 
     count4 = 0;
     Timer4.resume();
     delay(2000);
@@ -125,12 +127,12 @@ void loop() {
     SerialUSB.println("(should be around 2sec/30000ms ~ 67)");
 
     Timer4.setChannel1Mode(TIMER_OUTPUTCOMPARE);
-    Timer4.setPeriod(300000);
+    Timer4.setPeriod(300000); 
     Timer4.setCompare1(1);
     Timer4.pause();
     Timer4.setCount(0);
     Timer4.attachCompare1Interrupt(handler4b);
-    SerialUSB.println("Period 300000ms, wait 2 seconds...");
+    SerialUSB.println("Period 300000ms, wait 2 seconds..."); 
     count4 = 0;
     Timer4.resume();
     delay(2000);
@@ -144,9 +146,9 @@ void loop() {
     Timer4.setOverflow(65454);
     Timer4.pause();
     Timer4.setCount(0);
-    Timer4.setCompare1(1);
+    Timer4.setCompare1(1); 
     Timer4.attachCompare1Interrupt(handler4b);
-    SerialUSB.println("Period 30000ms, wait 2 seconds...");
+    SerialUSB.println("Period 30000ms, wait 2 seconds..."); 
     count4 = 0;
     Timer4.resume();
     delay(2000);
@@ -157,11 +159,11 @@ void loop() {
 
     Timer4.setChannel1Mode(TIMER_OUTPUTCOMPARE);
     Timer4.setCompare1(1);
-    Timer4.setPeriod(30000);
+    Timer4.setPeriod(30000); 
     Timer4.pause();
     Timer4.setCount(0);
     Timer4.attachCompare1Interrupt(handler4b);
-    SerialUSB.println("Period 30000ms, wait 2 seconds...");
+    SerialUSB.println("Period 30000ms, wait 2 seconds..."); 
     count4 = 0;
     Timer4.resume();
     delay(2000);
@@ -175,7 +177,7 @@ void loop() {
     // that over time the actual timing rates get blown away by other system
     // interrupts.
     for(t=0; t<4; t++) {
-        toggleLED();
+        toggle ^= 1; digitalWrite(LED_PIN, toggle);
         delay(100);
         SerialUSB.println("-----------------------------------------------------");
         SerialUSB.print("Testing Timer "); SerialUSB.println(t+1);
@@ -212,39 +214,33 @@ void handler1(void) {
     val1 += rate1;
     Timers[t].setCompare1(val1);
     count1++;
-}
-
+} 
 void handler2(void) {
     val2 += rate2;
     Timers[t].setCompare2(val2);
     count2++;
-}
-
+} 
 void handler3(void) {
     val3 += rate3;
     Timers[t].setCompare3(val3);
     count3++;
-}
-
+} 
 void handler4(void) {
     val4 += rate4;
     Timers[t].setCompare4(val4);
     count4++;
-}
+} 
 
 void handler3b(void) {
     count3++;
-}
-
+} 
 void handler4b(void) {
     count4++;
-}
+} 
 
-__attribute__((constructor)) void premain() {
-    init();
-}
 
 int main(void) {
+    init();
     setup();
 
     while (1) {
diff --git a/examples/vga-leaf.cpp b/examples/vga-leaf.cpp
index 9d9fce2..d1c6d7d 100644
--- a/examples/vga-leaf.cpp
+++ b/examples/vga-leaf.cpp
@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
 /*
- VGA Output
+ Crude VGA Output
 
- Outputs a red and white leaf to VGA.  It should run most VGA monitors
- at 640x480, though it does not follow the timing spec very
- carefully. Real twisted or shielded wires, proper grounding, and not
- doing this on a breadboard are recommended (but it seems to work ok
- without).
+ Outputs a red and white leaf to VGA. This implementation is crude and noisy,
+ but a fun demo. It should run most VGA monitors at 640x480, though it does
+ not follow the timing spec very carefully. Real twisted or shielded wires,
+ proper grounding, and not doing this on a breadboard are recommended (but
+ it seems to work ok without).
 
- SerialUSB and SysTick are disabled to get rid of the most frequently
- occurring interrupts (which mess with timing). This means that you
- have to use perpetual bootloader mode or the reset button to flash
- new programs.
+ SerialUSB is disabled to get rid of most interrupts (which mess with timing);
+ the SysTick is probably the source of the remaining flickers. This means that
+ you have to use perpetual bootloader or the reset button to flash new 
+ programs.
 
  How to wire this to a VGA port:
-    D6 via ~200ohms to VGA Red     (1)
-    D7 via ~200ohms to VGA Green   (2)
-    D8 via ~200ohms to VGA Blue    (3)
+    D5 via ~200ohms to VGA Red     (1)
+    D6 via ~200ohms to VGA Green   (2)
+    D7 via ~200ohms to VGA Blue    (3)
     D11 to VGA VSync               (14)  (swapped?)
     D12 to VGA HSync               (13)  (swapped?)
     GND to VGA Ground              (5)
@@ -24,71 +24,48 @@
  See also:
   - http://pinouts.ru/Video/VGA15_pinout.shtml
   - http://www.epanorama.net/documents/pc/vga_timing.html
-
+ 
  Created 20 July 2010
  By Bryan Newbold for LeafLabs
  This code is released with no strings attached.
-
- Modified 4 March 2011
- By Marti Bolivar
- Disabled SysTick, kept up-to-date with libmaple.
+ 
  */
 
-// FIXME: generalize for Native and Mini
-
 #include "wirish.h"
 
-#define LED_PIN BOARD_LED_PIN
+#define LED_PIN 13
 
-// Pinouts -- you also must change the GPIO macros below if you change
-// these
-#define VGA_R 6     // STM32: A8
-#define VGA_G 7     // STM32: A9
-#define VGA_B 8     // STM32: A10
+// Pinouts
+#define VGA_R 5     // STM32: B6
+#define VGA_G 6     // STM32: A8
+#define VGA_B 7     // STM32: A9
 #define VGA_V 11    // STM32: A6
 #define VGA_H 12    // STM32: A7
 
-// These low level (and STM32 specific) macros make GPIO writes much
-// faster
-#define ABSRR ((volatile uint32*)0x40010810)
-#define ABRR  ((volatile uint32*)0x40010814)
-
-#define RBIT 8                  // (see pinouts)
-#define GBIT 9
-#define BBIT 10
-
-#define VGA_R_HIGH *ABSRR = BIT(RBIT)
-#define VGA_R_LOW  *ABRR  = BIT(RBIT)
-#define VGA_G_HIGH *ABSRR = BIT(GBIT)
-#define VGA_G_LOW  *ABRR  = BIT(GBIT)
-#define VGA_B_HIGH *ABSRR = BIT(BBIT)
-#define VGA_B_LOW  *ABRR  = BIT(BBIT)
-
-#define ON_COLOR   BIT(RBIT)
-#define OFF_COLOR  (BIT(RBIT) | BIT(GBIT) | BIT(BBIT))
-
-// set has priority, so clear every bit and set some given bits:
-#define VGA_COLOR(c) (*ABSRR = c |                                      \
-                      BIT(RBIT+16) | BIT(GBIT+16) | BIT(BBIT+16))
-
-#define VGA_V_HIGH *ABSRR = BIT(6)
-#define VGA_V_LOW  *ABRR  = BIT(6)
-#define VGA_H_HIGH *ABSRR = BIT(7)
-#define VGA_H_LOW  *ABRR  = BIT(7)
+// These low level macros make GPIO writes much faster
+#define VGA_R_HIGH (GPIOB_BASE)->BSRR = BIT(6)
+#define VGA_R_LOW  (GPIOB_BASE)->BRR  = BIT(6)
+#define VGA_G_HIGH (GPIOA_BASE)->BSRR = BIT(8)
+#define VGA_G_LOW  (GPIOA_BASE)->BRR  = BIT(8)
+#define VGA_B_HIGH (GPIOA_BASE)->BSRR = BIT(9)
+#define VGA_B_LOW  (GPIOA_BASE)->BRR  = BIT(9)
+#define VGA_V_HIGH (GPIOA_BASE)->BSRR = BIT(6)
+#define VGA_V_LOW  (GPIOA_BASE)->BRR  = BIT(6)
+#define VGA_H_HIGH (GPIOA_BASE)->BSRR = BIT(7)
+#define VGA_H_LOW  (GPIOA_BASE)->BRR  = BIT(7)
 
 void isr_porch(void);
 void isr_start(void);
 void isr_stop(void);
 void isr_update(void);
 
+uint8 toggle;
 uint16 x = 0;       // X coordinate
 uint16 y = 0;       // Y coordinate
-uint16 logo_y = 0;  // Y coordinate, mapped into valid logo index (for speed)
-bool v_active = true; // Are we in the image?
+uint8 v_active = 1; // Are we in the image?
 
-const uint8 x_max = 16;
-const uint8 y_max = 18;
-uint32 logo[y_max][x_max] = {
+// 1-bit!
+uint8 logo[18][16] = {
     {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,},
     {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,},
     {0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,},
@@ -122,20 +99,9 @@ void setup() {
     digitalWrite(VGA_H, HIGH);
     digitalWrite(VGA_V, HIGH);
 
-    // Fill the logo array with color patterns corresponding to its
-    // truth value.  Note that we could get more tricky here, since
-    // there are 3 bits of color.
-    for (int y = 0; y < y_max; y++) {
-        for (int x = 0; x < x_max; x++) {
-            logo[y][x] = logo[y][x] ? ON_COLOR : OFF_COLOR;
-        }
-    }
-
     // This gets rid of the majority of the interrupt artifacts;
-    // there's still a glitch for low values of y, but let's not worry
-    // about that. (Probably due to the hackish way vsync is done).
     SerialUSB.end();
-    systick_disable();
+    SystemTick.end();
 
     // Configure
     Timer4.pause(); // while we configure
@@ -154,13 +120,14 @@ void setup() {
     Timer4.attachCompare3Interrupt(isr_stop);
     Timer4.setCompare4(1);      // Could be zero I guess
     Timer4.attachCompare4Interrupt(isr_update);
-
+    
     Timer4.setCount(0);         // Ready...
     Timer4.resume();            // Go!
 }
 
 void loop() {
-    toggleLED();
+    toggle ^= 1;
+    digitalWrite(LED_PIN, toggle);
     delay(100);
 
     // Everything happens in the interrupts!
@@ -172,59 +139,51 @@ void loop() {
 void isr_porch(void) {
     VGA_H_HIGH;
     y++;
-    logo_y = map(y, 0, 478, 0, y_max);
     // Back to the top
-    if(y >= 523) {
-        y = 1;
-        logo_y = 0;
-        v_active = true;
+    if(y>=523) {
+        y=1;
+        v_active = 1;
         return;
     }
     // Other vsync stuff below the image
-    if(y >= 492) {
+    if(y>=492) {
         VGA_V_HIGH;
         return;
     }
-    if(y >= 490) {
+    if(y>=490) {
         VGA_V_LOW;
         return;
     }
-    if(y >= 479) {
-        v_active = false;
+    if(y>=479) { 
+        v_active = 0;
         return;
     }
 }
 
 // This is the main horizontal sweep
-void isr_start(void) {
+void isr_start(void) {  
     // Skip if we're not in the image at all
-    if (!v_active) {
-        return;
-    }
+    if(!v_active) { return; }
 
     // Start Red
     VGA_R_LOW;
     VGA_R_HIGH;
 
-    // For each "pixel", go ON_COLOR or OFF_COLOR
-    for(x = 0; x < 16; x++) {
-        // setting the color several times is just an easy way to
-        // delay, so the image is wider.  if you only do the following
-        // once, you'll be able to make the logo array a lot wider:
-        VGA_COLOR(logo[logo_y][x]);
-        VGA_COLOR(logo[logo_y][x]);
-        VGA_COLOR(logo[logo_y][x]);
-        VGA_COLOR(logo[logo_y][x]);
-        VGA_COLOR(logo[logo_y][x]);
-        VGA_COLOR(logo[logo_y][x]);
+    // For each "pixel" (really 20 or so screen pixels?) go red or white
+    for(x=0; x<32; x++) {
+        if(logo[y/28][x/2]) {
+            VGA_G_HIGH;
+            VGA_B_HIGH;
+        } else {
+            VGA_G_LOW;
+            VGA_B_LOW;
+        }
     }
 }
 
 // End of the horizontal line
 void isr_stop(void) {
-    if (!v_active) {
-        return;
-    }
+    if(!v_active) { return; }
     VGA_R_LOW;
     VGA_G_LOW;
     VGA_B_LOW;
@@ -235,11 +194,8 @@ void isr_update(void) {
     VGA_H_LOW;
 }
 
-__attribute__((constructor)) void premain() {
-    init();
-}
-
 int main(void) {
+    init();
     setup();
 
     while (1) {
diff --git a/examples/vga-scope.cpp b/examples/vga-scope.cpp
index 9c6dca5..0265f9c 100644
--- a/examples/vga-scope.cpp
+++ b/examples/vga-scope.cpp
@@ -1,90 +1,34 @@
-/*
-  VGA Oscilloscope demo.
-
-  Connect a microphone or something like it to ANALOG_PIN (0V -- 3.3V
-  only; 0.2V -- 3.1V will probably look nicer); an attached VGA
-  monitor will display the signal roughly in real-time.
-
-  The thick blue line corresponds roughly to 0V.
-
-  This is a fairy crude hack, but it's fun to watch/toy around with.
-
-  SerialUSB and SysTick are disabled to get rid of the most frequently
-  occurring interrupts (which mess with timing). This means that you
-  have to use perpetual bootloader mode or the reset button to flash
-  new programs.
-
-  How to wire this to a VGA port:
-  D6 via ~200ohms to VGA Red     (1)
-  D7 via ~200ohms to VGA Green   (2)
-  D8 via ~200ohms to VGA Blue    (3)
-  D11 to VGA VSync               (14)  (swapped?)
-  D12 to VGA HSync               (13)  (swapped?)
-  GND to VGA Ground              (5)
-  GND to VGA Sync Ground         (10)
-
-  See also:
-  - http://pinouts.ru/Video/VGA15_pinout.shtml
-  - http://www.epanorama.net/documents/pc/vga_timing.html
-
-  This code is released into the public domain.
- */
+// Low-level, non-wirish demonstration of VGA
+//
+// Connect a microphone or something less to ANALOG_PIN
 
 #include "wirish.h"
-#include "systick.h"
-
-// FIXME generalize for Native and Mini
 
-#define LED_PIN     BOARD_LED_PIN
+#define LED_PIN 13
 #define ANALOG_PIN 18
-
-// Pinouts -- you also must change the GPIO macros below if you change
-// these
-#define VGA_R 6     // STM32: A8
-#define VGA_G 7     // STM32: A9
-#define VGA_B 8     // STM32: A10
-#define VGA_V 11    // STM32: A6
-#define VGA_H 12    // STM32: A7
-
-// These low level (and STM32 specific) macros make GPIO writes much
-// faster
-#define ABSRR ((volatile uint32*)0x40010810)
-#define ABRR  ((volatile uint32*)0x40010814)
-
-#define RBIT 8                  // (see pinouts)
-#define GBIT 9
-#define BBIT 10
-
-#define VGA_R_HIGH *ABSRR = BIT(RBIT)
-#define VGA_R_LOW  *ABRR  = BIT(RBIT)
-#define VGA_G_HIGH *ABSRR = BIT(GBIT)
-#define VGA_G_LOW  *ABRR  = BIT(GBIT)
-#define VGA_B_HIGH *ABSRR = BIT(BBIT)
-#define VGA_B_LOW  *ABRR  = BIT(BBIT)
-
-#define COLOR_WHITE (BIT(RBIT) | BIT(GBIT) | BIT(BBIT))
-#define COLOR_BLACK 0
-#define COLOR_RED   BIT(RBIT)
-#define COLOR_GREEN BIT(GBIT)
-#define COLOR_BLUE  BIT(BBIT)
-
-#define BORDER_COLOR COLOR_BLUE
-
-// set has priority, so clear every bit and set some given bits:
-#define VGA_COLOR(c) (*ABSRR = c |                                      \
-                      BIT(RBIT+16) | BIT(GBIT+16) | BIT(BBIT+16))
-
-#define VGA_V_HIGH *ABSRR = BIT(6)
-#define VGA_V_LOW  *ABRR  = BIT(6)
-#define VGA_H_HIGH *ABSRR = BIT(7)
-#define VGA_H_LOW  *ABRR  = BIT(7)
+#define VGA_R 5 // B6
+#define VGA_G 6 // A8
+#define VGA_B 7 // A9
+#define VGA_V 11 // A6
+#define VGA_H 12 // A7
+#define VGA_R_HIGH (GPIOB_BASE)->BSRR = BIT(6)
+#define VGA_R_LOW  (GPIOB_BASE)->BRR  = BIT(6)
+#define VGA_G_HIGH (GPIOA_BASE)->BSRR = BIT(8)
+#define VGA_G_LOW  (GPIOA_BASE)->BRR  = BIT(8)
+#define VGA_B_HIGH (GPIOA_BASE)->BSRR = BIT(9)
+#define VGA_B_LOW  (GPIOA_BASE)->BRR  = BIT(9)
+#define VGA_V_HIGH (GPIOA_BASE)->BSRR = BIT(6)
+#define VGA_V_LOW  (GPIOA_BASE)->BRR  = BIT(6)
+#define VGA_H_HIGH (GPIOA_BASE)->BSRR = BIT(7)
+#define VGA_H_LOW  (GPIOA_BASE)->BRR  = BIT(7)
 
 void isr_porch(void);
 void isr_start(void);
 void isr_stop(void);
 void isr_update(void);
 
-void setup() {
+void setup()
+{
     pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
     pinMode(ANALOG_PIN, INPUT_ANALOG);
     digitalWrite(LED_PIN, 1);
@@ -94,104 +38,104 @@ void setup() {
     pinMode(VGA_V, OUTPUT);
     pinMode(VGA_H, OUTPUT);
 
-    // Send a message out USART2
+    /* Send a message out USART2  */
     Serial2.begin(9600);
-    Serial2.println("Time to kill the radio star...");
+    Serial2.println("Video time...");
 
     // This gets rid of the majority of the interrupt artifacts;
-    // there's still a glitch for low values of y, but let's not worry
-    // about that. (Probably due to the hackish way vsync is done).
+    // a SysTick.end() is required as well
     SerialUSB.end();
-    systick_disable();
-
+    
     digitalWrite(VGA_R, 0);
     digitalWrite(VGA_G, 0);
     digitalWrite(VGA_B, 0);
-    digitalWrite(VGA_H, 1);
-    digitalWrite(VGA_V, 1);
-
-    timer_pause(TIMER4);
-    timer_set_prescaler(TIMER4, 0);
-    timer_set_mode(TIMER4, 1, TIMER_OUTPUTCOMPARE);
-    timer_set_mode(TIMER4, 2, TIMER_OUTPUTCOMPARE);
-    timer_set_mode(TIMER4, 3, TIMER_OUTPUTCOMPARE);
-    timer_set_mode(TIMER4, 4, TIMER_OUTPUTCOMPARE);
-    timer_set_reload(TIMER4, 2287);
-    timer_set_compare_value(TIMER4, 1, 200);
-    timer_set_compare_value(TIMER4, 2, 250);
-    timer_set_compare_value(TIMER4, 3, 2170);  // 2219 max...
-    timer_set_compare_value(TIMER4, 4, 1);
-    timer_attach_interrupt(TIMER4, 1, isr_porch);
-    timer_attach_interrupt(TIMER4, 2, isr_start);
-    timer_attach_interrupt(TIMER4, 3, isr_stop);
-    timer_attach_interrupt(TIMER4, 4, isr_update);
-
-    timer_set_count(TIMER4, 0);
-    timer_resume(TIMER4);
+    digitalWrite(VGA_H,1);
+    digitalWrite(VGA_V,1);
+
+    timer_set_prescaler(4,0);
+    timer_set_mode(4, 1, TIMER_OUTPUTCOMPARE);
+    timer_set_mode(4, 2, TIMER_OUTPUTCOMPARE);
+    timer_set_mode(4, 3, TIMER_OUTPUTCOMPARE);
+    timer_set_mode(4, 4, TIMER_OUTPUTCOMPARE);
+    timer_set_reload(4, 2287);
+    timer_set_compare_value(4,1,200);
+    timer_set_compare_value(4,2,300);
+    timer_set_compare_value(4,3,2170);  // 2219 max...
+    timer_set_compare_value(4,4,1);
+    timer_attach_interrupt(4,1,isr_porch);
+    timer_attach_interrupt(4,2,isr_start);
+    timer_attach_interrupt(4,3,isr_stop);
+    timer_attach_interrupt(4,4,isr_update);
+
+    timer_set_count(4,0);
 }
 
+int toggle = 0;
+uint16  x = 0;
 uint16 y = 0;
 uint16 val = 0;
-bool v_active = true;
-const uint16 x_max = 60;        // empirically (and lazily) determined
+uint8 v_active = 1;
+GPIO_Port *portb = GPIOB_BASE;
 
 void isr_porch(void) {
     VGA_H_HIGH;
     y++;
-    val = map(analogRead(ANALOG_PIN), 0, 4095, 0, x_max);
-    if(y >= 523) {
-        y = 1;
-        v_active = true;
+    if(y>=523) {
+        y=1;
+        v_active = 1;
         return;
     }
-    if(y >= 492) {
+    if(y>=492) {
         VGA_V_HIGH;
         return;
     }
-    if(y >= 490) {
+    if(y>=490) {
         VGA_V_LOW;
         return;
     }
-    if(y >= 479) {
-        v_active = false;
+    if(y>=479) {    // 479
+        v_active = 0;
         return;
     }
 
 }
 
 void isr_start(void) {
-    if (!v_active) {
-        return;
-    }
-    VGA_COLOR(BORDER_COLOR);
-    for (int x = 0; x < val; x++) {
-        VGA_COLOR(COLOR_BLACK);
-    }
-    VGA_COLOR(COLOR_WHITE);
-    VGA_COLOR(COLOR_BLACK);
-}
+    if(!v_active) { return; }
+    VGA_R_HIGH;
+    VGA_R_HIGH;
+    VGA_R_HIGH;
+    VGA_R_LOW;
+    //delayMicroseconds(2);
+    //gpio_write_bit(GPIOA_BASE, 8, 1); // VGA_G
+    for(x=0; x<(val>>6); x++) {
+        }
+    VGA_B_HIGH;
+    VGA_G_HIGH;
+    VGA_G_LOW;
+    VGA_B_LOW;
+    //VGA_R_HIGH;
+    //val = (val + analogRead(ANALOG_PIN))/2;
+    val = analogRead(ANALOG_PIN);
 
+}
 void isr_stop(void) {
-    if (!v_active) {
-        return;
-    }
-    VGA_COLOR(COLOR_BLACK);
+    if(!v_active) { return; }
+    VGA_R_LOW;
+    VGA_G_LOW;
+    VGA_B_LOW;
 }
-
 void isr_update(void) {
     VGA_H_LOW;
 }
 
 void loop() {
-    toggleLED();
-    delay(100);
+    //val = analogRead(ANALOG_PIN);
 }
 
-__attribute__((constructor)) void premain() {
-    init();
-}
 
 int main(void) {
+    init();
     setup();
 
     while (1) {
-- 
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