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diff --git a/source/lang/serial.rst b/source/lang/serial.rst index 743f921..f96547d 100644 --- a/source/lang/serial.rst +++ b/source/lang/serial.rst @@ -1,68 +1,219 @@ .. _lang-serial: -Serial -====== +Serial Ports (``Serial1``, ``Serial2``, ``Serial3``) +==================================================== -Used for communication between the Arduino board and a computer or -other devices. All Arduino boards have at least one serial port -(also known as a UART or USART): **Serial**. It communicates on -digital pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX) as well as with the computer via -USB. Thus, if you use these functions, you cannot also use pins 0 -and 1 for digital input or output. +Used for communication between the Maple board and a computer or other +devices. +.. contents:: Contents + :local: +Introduction +------------ -You can use the Arduino environment's built-in serial monitor to -communicate with an Arduino board. Click the serial monitor button -in the toolbar and select the same baud rate used in the call to -begin(). +The Maple has three serial ports (also known as a UARTs or USARTs): +``Serial1``, ``Serial2``, and ``Serial3``. They communicate using the +pins summarized in the following table: +.. list-table:: + :header-rows: 1 + * - Serial port + - Pins (TX, RX) -The Arduino Mega has three additional serial ports: **Serial1** on -pins 19 (RX) and 18 (TX), **Serial2** on pins 17 (RX) and 16 (TX), -**Serial3** on pins 15 (RX) and 14 (TX). To use these pins to -communicate with your personal computer, you will need an -additional USB-to-serial adaptor, as they are not connected to the -Mega's USB-to-serial adaptor. To use them to communicate with an -external TTL serial device, connect the TX pin to your device's RX -pin, the RX to your device's TX pin, and the ground of your Mega to -your device's ground. (Don't connect these pins directly to an -RS232 serial port; they operate at +/- 12V and can damage your -Arduino board.) + * - ``Serial1`` + - 7, 8 + * - ``Serial2`` + - 1, 0 + * - ``Serial3`` + - 29, 30 -Functions ---------- +Thus, if you use a particular serial port, you cannot also use its +communication pins for other purposes at the same time. +Unlike the Arduino, none of these serial ports is connected to the USB +port on the Maple board. Thus, to use these pins to communicate with +your personal computer, you will need an additional USB-to-serial +adaptor. -- `begin <http://arduino.cc/en/Serial/Begin>`_\ () -- `end <http://arduino.cc/en/Serial/End>`_\ () -- `available <http://arduino.cc/en/Serial/Available>`_\ () -- `read <http://arduino.cc/en/Serial/Read>`_\ () -- `flush <http://arduino.cc/en/Serial/Flush>`_\ () -- `print <http://arduino.cc/en/Serial/Print>`_\ () +If you want to communicate with the Maple using the provided USB port, +use :ref:`SerialUSB <lang-serialusb>` instead. + +To use them to communicate with an external TTL serial device, connect +the TX pin to your device's RX pin, the RX to your device's TX pin, +and the ground of your Maple to your device's ground. + +.. warning:: Don't connect these pins directly to an RS232 serial + port; they operate at +/- 12V and can damage your board. + + +Library Documentation +--------------------- + +All of the ``Serial[1,2,3]`` objects are instances of the +``HardwareSerial`` class, which is documented in this section. (This +means that you can use any of these functions on any of ``Serial1``, +``Serial2``, and ``Serial3``). + +.. cpp:class:: HardwareSerial + + Serial port class. Predefined instances are Serial1, Serial2, and + Serial3. + +.. cpp:function:: HardwareSerial::begin(unsigned int baud) + + Set up a ``HardwareSerial`` object for communications. This method + must be called before attempting to use the ``HardwareSerial`` + object (typically, you call this in your :ref:`setup() + <lang-setup>` function). + +.. cpp:function:: HardwareSerial::end() + + Disables the USART associated with this object, allowing any + associated TX and RX pins to be used for other purposes. + +.. cpp:function:: unsigned int HardwareSerial::available() + + Returns the number of bytes available for reading. + +.. cpp:function:: unsigned char HardwareSerial::read() + + Returns the next available, unread character. If there are no + available characters (you can check this with :cpp:func:`available + <HardwareSerial::available>`), the call will block until one + becomes available. + +.. cpp:function:: HardwareSerial::flush() + + Removes the contents of the Serial's associated USART RX FIFO. + That is, clears any buffered characters, so that the next character + read is guaranteed to be new. + +.. cpp:function:: HardwareSerial::print(unsigned char b) + + Print the given byte over the USART. + +.. cpp:function:: HardwareSerial::print(char c) + + Print the given character over the USART. 7-bit clean characters + are typically interpreted as ASCII text. + +.. cpp:function:: HardwareSerial::print(const char *str) + + Print the given null-terminated string over the USART. + +.. cpp:function:: HardwareSerial::print(int n) + + Print the argument's digits over the USART, in decimal format. + Negative values will be prefixed with a ``'-'`` character. + +.. cpp:function:: HardwareSerial::print(unsigned int n) + + Print the argument's digits over the USART, in decimal format. + +.. cpp:function:: HardwareSerial::print(long n) + + Print the argument's digits over the USART, in decimal format. + Negative values will be prefixed with a ``'-'`` character. + +.. cpp:function:: HardwareSerial::print(unsigned long n) + + Print the argument's digits over the USART, in decimal format. + +.. cpp:function:: HardwareSerial::print(long n, int base) + + Print the digits of ``n`` over the USART, in base ``base`` (which + may be between 2 and 16). The ``base`` value 2 corresponds to + binary, 8 to octal, 10 to decimal, and 16 to hexadecimal. Negative + values will be prefixed with a ``'-'`` character. + +.. cpp:function:: HardwareSerial::print(double n) + + Print ``n``, accurate to 2 digits after the decimal point. .. _lang-serial-println: -- `println <http://arduino.cc/en/Serial/Println>`_\ () -- `write <http://arduino.cc/en/Serial/Write>`_\ () +.. cpp:function:: HardwareSerial::println(char c) + + Like ``print(c)``, followed by ``"\r\n"``. + +.. cpp:function:: HardwareSerial::println(const char *c) + + Like ``print(c)``, followed by ``"\r\n"``. + +.. cpp:function:: HardwareSerial::println(unsigned char b) + + Like ``print(b)``, followed by ``"\r\n"``. + +.. cpp:function:: HardwareSerial::println(int n) + + Like ``print(n)``, followed by ``"\r\n"``. + +.. cpp:function:: HardwareSerial::println(unsigned int n) + + Like ``print(n)``, followed by ``"\r\n"``. + +.. cpp:function:: HardwareSerial::println(long n) + + Like ``print(n)``, followed by ``"\r\n"``. + +.. cpp:function:: HardwareSerial::println(unsigned long n) + + Like ``print(n)``, followed by ``"\r\n"``. + +.. cpp:function:: HardwareSerial::println(long n, int base) + + Like ``print(n, b)``, followed by ``"\r\n"``. + +.. cpp:function:: HardwareSerial::println(double n) + + Like ``print(n)``, followed by ``"\r\n"``. + +.. cpp:function:: HardwareSerial::println() + + Prints ``"\r\n"`` over the USART. + +.. cpp:function:: HardwareSerial::write(unsigned char ch) + + Sends one character over the USART. This function is currently + blocking, although nonblocking writes are a planned future + extension. + + This is a low-level function. One of the ``print()`` or + ``println()`` functions is likely to be more useful when printing + multiple characters, when formatting numbers for printing, etc. + +.. cpp:function:: HardwareSerial::write(const char* str) + + Send the given null-terminated character string over the USART. + This is a low-level function. One of the ``print()`` or + ``println()`` functions is likely to be more useful when printing + multiple characters, when formatting numbers for printing, etc. +.. cpp:function:: HardwareSerial::write(void *buf, unsigned int size) -Examples --------- + Writes the first ``size`` bytes of ``buf`` over the USART. Each + byte is transmitted as an individual character. + This is a low-level function. One of the ``print()`` or + ``println()`` functions is likely to be more useful when printing + multiple characters, when formatting numbers for printing, etc. -- `ASCII Table <http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/ASCIITable>`_ -- `Dimmer <http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/Dimmer>`_ -- `Graph <http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/Graph>`_ -- `Physical Pixel <http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/PhysicalPixel>`_ -- `Virtual Color Mixer <http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/VirtualColorMixer>`_ -- `Serial Call Response <http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/SerialCallResponse>`_ -- `Serial Call Response ASCII <http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/SerialCallResponseASCII>`_ +.. TODO LATER port these examples over +.. Examples +.. -------- +.. - `ASCII Table <http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/ASCIITable>`_ +.. - `Dimmer <http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/Dimmer>`_ +.. - `Graph <http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/Graph>`_ +.. - `Physical Pixel <http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/PhysicalPixel>`_ +.. - `Virtual Color Mixer <http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/VirtualColorMixer>`_ +.. - `Serial Call Response <http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/SerialCallResponse>`_ +.. - `Serial Call Response ASCII <http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/SerialCallResponseASCII>`_ .. include:: cc-attribution.txt |