reorganized all the arduino/ docs into a lang/ subdirectory since

they're properly CC attributed now.

1 files changed, 67 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/source/lang/int.rst b/source/lang/int.rst
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+.. highlight:: cpp
+
+.. _lang-int:
+
+int
+===
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+The ``int`` data type represents integers.  Integers are your primary
+data type for number storage, and store a 4 byte value. This yields a
+range of -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 (minimum value of -2^31 and a
+maximum value of (2^31) - 1; that's about negative 2 billion to
+positive 2 billion).
+
+An ``int`` stores a negative number with a technique called `two's
+complement math
+<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complement#Explanation>`_\ .
+The highest bit in an ``int``, sometimes refered to as the "sign" bit,
+flags the number as a negative number.  (See the linked article on
+two's complement for more information).
+
+The Maple takes care of dealing with negative numbers for you, so that
+arithmetic operations work mostly as you'd expect. There can be an
+:ref:`unexpected complication <lang-bitshift-signbit-gotcha>` in
+dealing with the :ref:`bitshift right operator (>>)
+<lang-bitshift>`, however.
+
+Here is an example of declaring an ``int`` variable named ``ledPin``,
+then giving it value 13::
+
+    int ledPin = 13;
+
+The general syntax for declaring an ``int`` variable named ``var``,
+then giving it value ``val``, looks like::
+
+    int var = val;
+
+.. _lang-int-overflow:
+
+Integer Overflow
+----------------
+
+When ``int`` variables leave the range specified above, they
+:ref:`roll over <lang-variable-rollover>` in the other direction.
+Here are some examples::
+
+       int x;
+       x = -2,147,483,648;
+       x--; // x now contains 2,147,483,647; rolled over "left to right"
+
+       x = 2,147,483,647;
+       x++; // x now contains -2,147,483,648; rolled over "right to left"
+
+See Also
+--------
+
+-  :ref:`unsigned int <lang-unsignedint>`
+-  :ref:`char <lang-char>`
+-  :ref:`unsigned char <lang-unsignedchar>`
+-  :ref:`long <lang-long>`
+-  :ref:`unsigned long <lang-unsignedlong>`
+-  :ref:`Integer Constants <lang-constants-integers>`
+-  :ref:`Variables <lang-variables>`
+
+.. include:: cc-attribution.txt