merge libmaple docs ("leaflabs-docs") into ./docs

In the past, libample documentation was forked out of this repository
because the documentation had increased in scope. For the librambutan,
and the rambutan project in general, we will try to keep documentation
closer to the source code, so the librambutan-specific documentation
should live here. Other sections of leaflabs-docs will be culled in a
following commit.

This merge attempts to maintain history by using a subtree strategy.
Followed directions at:

    http://nuclearsquid.com/writings/subtree-merging-and-you/

Full history for files should be accessible using the "--follow" flag to
git log, eg:

    git log --follow docs/source/adc.rst

It should be possible to pull patches from leaflabs-docs with:

    git pull -s subtree leaflabs-docs master

... at least until the docs in this repository diverge significantly.

1 files changed, 121 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/docs/source/lang/cpp/array.rst b/docs/source/lang/cpp/array.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39d4d91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/source/lang/cpp/array.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+.. highlight:: cpp
+
+.. _lang-array:
+
+Arrays
+======
+
+An array is a collection of variables that are accessed with an index
+number. Arrays in the C++ programming language, in which the Maple is
+programmed, can be complicated, but using simple arrays is relatively
+straightforward.
+
+.. contents:: Contents
+   :local:
+
+Creating (Declaring) an Array
+-----------------------------
+
+All of the methods below are valid ways to create (declare) an
+array. ::
+
+      int myInts[6];
+      int myPins[] = {2, 4, 8, 3, 6};
+      int mySensVals[6] = {2, 4, -8, 3, 2};
+      char message[6] = "hello";
+
+You can declare an array without initializing it, as with myInts.  In
+the line referring to myPins, we declare an array without explicitly
+choosing a size.  The compiler counts the elements and creates an
+array of the appropriate size.
+
+Finally, you can both initialize and size your array, as in
+mySensVals. Note that when declaring an array with elements of type
+char, one more element than your initialization is required, to hold
+the required `null character <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null-terminated_string>`_.
+
+
+Accessing an Array
+------------------
+
+
+.. compound::
+
+   Arrays are **zero indexed**; that is, referring to the array
+   initialization above, the first element of the array is at index 0,
+   hence ::
+
+      mySensVals[0] == 2;
+      mySensVals[1] == 4
+
+   and so forth.
+
+It also means that in an array with ten elements, index nine is the
+last element. Hence::
+
+    int myArray[10]={9,3,2,4,3,2,7,8,9,11};
+         // myArray[9]    contains 11
+         // myArray[10]   is invalid and contains random information (other memory address)
+
+For this reason, you should be careful in accessing arrays.  Accessing
+past the end of an array (using an index number greater than your
+declared array size - 1) is reading from memory that is in use for
+other purposes. Reading from these locations is probably not going to
+do much except yield invalid data. Writing to random memory locations
+is definitely a bad idea, and can often lead to unhappy results such
+as crashes or program malfunction. This can also be a difficult bug to
+track down.
+
+Unlike Basic or Java, the C compiler does no checking to see if array
+access is within legal bounds of the array size that you have
+declared.
+
+
+To assign a value to an array
+-----------------------------
+ ::
+
+    mySensVals[0] = 10;
+
+
+To retrieve a value from an array
+---------------------------------
+
+ ::
+
+    x = mySensVals[4];
+
+
+Arrays and ``for`` Loops
+------------------------
+
+Arrays are often manipulated inside :ref:`for loops <lang-for>`, where
+the loop counter is used as the index for each array element. For
+example, to print the elements of an array over the serial port, you
+could do something like this::
+
+    int i;
+    for (i = 0; i < 5; i = i + 1) {
+      SerialUSB.println(myPins[i]);
+    }
+
+
+Example
+-------
+
+For a complete program that demonstrates the use of arrays, see the
+Arduino `Knight Rider example
+<http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/KnightRider>`_\ (which will run
+unmodified on the Maple).
+
+Arduino Compatibility
+---------------------
+
+Arrays on Maple are identical those on Arduino.
+
+See Also
+--------
+
+-  :ref:`Storing arrays in FLASH memory <arm-gcc-attribute-flash>`
+
+.. include:: /arduino-cc-attribution.txt