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authorPerry Hung <iperry@gmail.com>2011-01-24 23:23:29 -0500
committerPerry Hung <iperry@gmail.com>2011-01-24 23:23:29 -0500
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-.. _arduino-integerconstants:
-
-Integer Constants
-=================
-
-Integer constants are numbers used directly in a sketch, like
-``123``. By default, these numbers are treated as
-`int <http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/Int>`_'s but you can change
-this with the U and L modifiers (see below).
-
-
-
-Normally, integer constants are treated as base 10 (decimal)
-integers, but special notation (formatters) may be used to enter
-numbers in other bases.
-
-
-
-::
-
- Base Example Formatter Comment
-
- 10 (decimal) 123 none
-
- 2 (binary) B1111011 leading 'B' only works with 8 bit values (0 to 255)
- characters 0-1 valid
-
- 8 (octal) 0173 leading "0" characters 0-7 valid
-
- 16 (hexadecimal) 0x7B leading "0x" characters 0-9, A-F, a-f valid
-
-
-
-**Decimal** is base 10. This is the common-sense math with which
-you are acquainted. Constants without other prefixes are assumed to
-be in decimal format.
-
-
-
-Example:
-::
-
- 101 // same as 101 decimal ((1 * 10^2) + (0 * 10^1) + 1)
-
-**Binary** is base two. Only characters 0 and 1 are valid.
-
-
-
-Example:
-::
-
- B101 // same as 5 decimal ((1 * 2^2) + (0 * 2^1) + 1)
-
-The binary formatter only works on bytes (8 bits) between 0 (B0)
-and 255 (B11111111). If it is convenient to input an int (16 bits)
-in binary form you can do it a two-step procedure such as:
-
-
-
-::
-
- myInt = (B11001100 * 256) + B10101010; // B11001100 is the high byte
-
-
-
-**Octal** is base eight. Only characters 0 through 7 are valid.
-Octal values are indicated by the prefix "0"
-
-
-
-Example:
-
-::
-
- 0101 // same as 65 decimal ((1 * 8^2) + (0 * 8^1) + 1)
-
-Warning
-It is possible to generate a hard-to-find bug by (unintentionally)
-including a leading zero before a constant and having the compiler
-unintentionally interpret your constant as octal.
-**Hexadecimal (or hex)** is base sixteen. Valid characters are 0
-through 9 and letters A through F; A has the value 10, B is 11, up
-to F, which is 15. Hex values are indicated by the prefix "0x".
-Note that A-F may be syted in upper or lower case (a-f).
-
-
-
-Example:
-
-::
-
- 0x101 // same as 257 decimal ((1 * 16^2) + (0 * 16^1) + 1)
-
-
-
-U & L formatters
-----------------
-
-By default, an integer constant is treated as an
-`int <http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/Int>`_ with the attendant
-limitations in values. To specify an integer constant with another
-data type, follow it with:
-
-
-
-
-- a 'u' or 'U' to force the constant into an unsigned data format.
- Example: ``33u``
-- a 'l' or 'L' to force the constant into a long data format.
- Example: ``100000L``
-- a 'ul' or 'UL' to force the constant into an unsigned long
- constant. Example: ``32767ul``
-
-
-
-
-
-See also
---------
-
-
-- `constants <http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/Constants>`_
-- `#define <http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/Define>`_
-- `byte <http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/Byte>`_
-- `int <http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/Int>`_
-- `unsigned int <http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/UnsignedInt>`_
-- `long <http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/Long>`_
-- `unsigned long <http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/UnsignedLong>`_
-
-