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authorPerry Hung <iperry@gmail.com>2011-01-24 23:23:29 -0500
committerPerry Hung <iperry@gmail.com>2011-01-24 23:23:29 -0500
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-.. _arduino-if:
-
-if (conditional) and ==, !=, <, > (comparison operators)
-========================================================
-
-**``if``**, which is used in conjunction with a comparison
-operator, tests whether a certain condition has been reached, such
-as an input being above a certain number. The format for an if test
-is:
-
-
-
-::
-
- if (someVariable > 50)
- {
- // do something here
- }
-
-
-
-The program tests to see if someVariable is greater than 50. If it
-is, the program takes a particular action. Put another way, if the
-statement in parentheses is true, the statements inside the
-brackets are run. If not, the program skips over the code.
-
-
-
-The brackets may be omitted after an *if* statement. If this is
-done, the next line (defined by the semicolon) becomes the only
-conditional statement.
-
-::
-
-
- if (x > 120) digitalWrite(LEDpin, HIGH);
-
- if (x > 120)
- digitalWrite(LEDpin, HIGH);
-
- if (x > 120){ digitalWrite(LEDpin, HIGH); }
-
- if (x > 120){
- digitalWrite(LEDpin1, HIGH);
- digitalWrite(LEDpin2, HIGH);
- } // all are correct
-
-
-
-The statements being evaluated inside the parentheses require the
-use of one or more operators:
-
-
-
-Comparison Operators:
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-::
-
- x == y (x is equal to y)
- x != y (x is not equal to y)
- x < y (x is less than y)
- x > y (x is greater than y)
- x <= y (x is less than or equal to y)
- x >= y (x is greater than or equal to y)
-
-
-
-Warning:
---------
-
-Beware of accidentally using the single equal sign
-(e.g.``if (x = 10)`` ). The single equal sign is the assignment
-operator, and sets x to 10 (puts the value 10 into the variable x).
-Instead use the double equal sign (e.g.``if (x == 10)``), which is
-the comparison operator, and tests *whether* x is equal to 10 or
-not. The latter statement is only true if x equals 10, but the
-former statement will always be true.
-
-
-
-This is because C evaluates the statement ``if (x=10)`` as follows:
-10 is assigned to x (remember that the single equal sign is the
-`assignment operator <http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/Assignment>`_),
-so x now contains 10. Then the 'if' conditional evaluates 10, which
-always evaluates to TRUE, since any non-zero number evaluates to
-TRUE. Consequently, ``if (x = 10)`` will always evaluate to TRUE,
-which is not the desired result when using an 'if' statement.
-Additionally, the variable x will be set to 10, which is also not a
-desired action.
-
-
-
-**if** can also be part of a branching control structure using the
-`if...else <http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/Else>`_] construction.