import re
import sys
import csv
import json
import ftfy
import base64
import sqlite3
import subprocess
import unicodedata
from collections import Counter
from confluent_kafka import Consumer, KafkaException
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import fatcat_openapi_client
from fatcat_openapi_client.rest import ApiException
DATE_FMT = "%Y-%m-%d"
SANE_MAX_RELEASES = 200
SANE_MAX_URLS = 100
# These are very close, but maybe not exactly 1-to-1 with 639-2? Some mix of
# 2/T and 2/B?
# PubMed/MEDLINE and JSTOR use these MARC codes
# https://www.loc.gov/marc/languages/language_name.html
LANG_MAP_MARC = {
'afr': 'af',
'alb': 'sq',
'amh': 'am',
'ara': 'ar',
'arm': 'hy',
'aze': 'az',
'ben': 'bn',
'bos': 'bs',
'bul': 'bg',
'cat': 'ca',
'chi': 'zh',
'cze': 'cs',
'dan': 'da',
'dut': 'nl',
'eng': 'en',
'epo': 'eo',
'est': 'et',
'fin': 'fi',
'fre': 'fr',
'geo': 'ka',
'ger': 'de',
'gla': 'gd',
'gre': 'el',
'heb': 'he',
'hin': 'hi',
'hrv': 'hr',
'hun': 'hu',
'ice': 'is',
'ind': 'id',
'ita': 'it',
'jpn': 'ja',
'kin': 'rw',
'kor': 'ko',
'lat': 'la',
'lav': 'lv',
'lit': 'lt',
'mac': 'mk',
'mal': 'ml',
'mao': 'mi',
'may': 'ms',
'nor': 'no',
'per': 'fa',
'per': 'fa',
'pol': 'pl',
'por': 'pt',
'pus': 'ps',
'rum': 'ro',
'rus': 'ru',
'san': 'sa',
'slo': 'sk',
'slv': 'sl',
'spa': 'es',
'srp': 'sr',
'swe': 'sv',
'tha': 'th',
'tur': 'tr',
'ukr': 'uk',
'urd': 'ur',
'vie': 'vi',
'wel': 'cy',
# additions
'gle': 'ga', # "Irish" (Gaelic)
'jav': 'jv', # Javanese
'welsh': 'cy', # Welsh
'oci': 'oc', # Occitan
# Don't have ISO 639-1 codes
'grc': 'el', # Ancient Greek; map to modern greek
'map': None, # Austronesian (collection)
'syr': None, # Syriac, Modern
'gem': None, # Old Saxon
'non': None, # Old Norse
'emg': None, # Eastern Meohang
'neg': None, # Negidal
'mul': None, # Multiple languages
'und': None, # Undetermined
}
def clean(thing, force_xml=False):
"""
This function is appropriate to be called on any random, non-markup string,
such as author names, titles, etc.
It will try to clean up commong unicode mangles, HTML characters, etc.
This will detect XML/HTML and "do the right thing" (aka, not remove
entities like '&' if there are tags in the string), unless you pass the
'force_xml' parameter, which might be appropriate for, eg, names and
titles, which generally should be projected down to plain text.
Also strips extra whitespace.
"""
if not thing:
return None
fix_entities = 'auto'
if force_xml:
fix_entities = True
fixed = ftfy.fix_text(thing, fix_entities=fix_entities).strip()
if not fixed or len(fixed) <= 1:
# wasn't zero-length before, but is now; return None
return None
return fixed
def test_clean():
assert clean(None) == None
assert clean('') == None
assert clean('1') == None
assert clean('123') == '123'
assert clean('a&b') == 'a&b'
assert clean('a&b') == 'a&b'
assert clean('a&b', force_xml=True) == 'a&b'
def b32_hex(s):
s = s.strip().split()[0].lower()
if s.startswith("sha1:"):
s = s[5:]
if len(s) != 32:
return s
return base64.b16encode(base64.b32decode(s.upper())).lower().decode('utf-8')
def is_cjk(s):
if not s:
return False
for c in s:
if c.isalpha():
lang_prefix = unicodedata.name(c).split()[0]
return lang_prefix in ('CJK', 'HIRAGANA', 'KATAKANA', 'HANGUL')
return False
def test_is_cjk():
assert is_cjk(None) == False
assert is_cjk('') == False
assert is_cjk('blah') == False
assert is_cjk('岡, 鹿, 梨, 阜, 埼') == True
assert is_cjk('[岡, 鹿, 梨, 阜, 埼]') == True
assert is_cjk('菊') == True
assert is_cjk('岡, 鹿, 梨, 阜, 埼 with eng after') == True
assert is_cjk('水道') == True
assert is_cjk('オウ, イク') == True # kanji
assert is_cjk('ひヒ') == True
assert is_cjk('き゚ゅ') == True
assert is_cjk('ㄴ, ㄹ, ㅁ, ㅂ, ㅅ') == True
DOMAIN_REL_MAP = {
"archive.org": "archive",
# LOCKSS, Portico, DuraSpace, etc would also be "archive"
"arxiv.org": "repository",
"babel.hathitrust.org": "repository",
"cds.cern.ch": "repository",
"deepblue.lib.umich.edu": "repository",
"europepmc.org": "repository",
"hal.inria.fr": "repository",
"scielo.isciii.es": "repository",
"www.dtic.mil": "repository",
"www.jstage.jst.go.jp": "repository",
"www.jstor.org": "repository",
"www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov": "repository",
"ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov": "repository",
"www.scielo.br": "repository",
"www.scielo.cl": "repository",
"www.scielo.org.mx": "repository",
"zenodo.org": "repository",
"citeseerx.ist.psu.edu": "aggregator",
"publisher-connector.core.ac.uk": "aggregator",
"core.ac.uk": "aggregator",
"static.aminer.org": "aggregator",
"aminer.org": "aggregator",
"pdfs.semanticscholar.org": "aggregator",
"semanticscholar.org": "aggregator",
"www.semanticscholar.org": "aggregator",
"academic.oup.com": "publisher",
"cdn.elifesciences.org": "publisher",
"cell.com": "publisher",
"dl.acm.org": "publisher",
"downloads.hindawi.com": "publisher",
"elifesciences.org": "publisher",
"iopscience.iop.org": "publisher",
"journals.plos.org": "publisher",
"link.springer.com": "publisher",
"onlinelibrary.wiley.com": "publisher",
"works.bepress.com": "publisher",
"www.biomedcentral.com": "publisher",
"www.cell.com": "publisher",
"www.nature.com": "publisher",
"www.pnas.org": "publisher",
"www.tandfonline.com": "publisher",
"www.researchgate.net": "academicsocial",
"academia.edu": "academicsocial",
"wayback.archive-it.org": "webarchive",
"web.archive.org": "webarchive",
"archive.is": "webarchive",
}
def make_rel_url(raw_url, default_link_rel="web"):
# this is where we map specific domains to rel types, and also filter out
# bad domains, invalid URLs, etc
rel = default_link_rel
for domain, domain_rel in DOMAIN_REL_MAP.items():
if "//{}/".format(domain) in raw_url:
rel = domain_rel
break
return (rel, raw_url)
def test_make_rel_url():
assert make_rel_url("http://example.com/thing.pdf")[0] == "web"
assert make_rel_url("http://example.com/thing.pdf", default_link_rel="jeans")[0] == "jeans"
assert make_rel_url("https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://example.com/thing.pdf")[0] == "webarchive"
assert make_rel_url("http://cell.com/thing.pdf")[0] == "publisher"
class EntityImporter:
"""
Base class for fatcat entity importers.
The API exposed to record iterator is:
push_record(raw_record)
finish()
The API that implementations are expected to fill in are:
want(raw_record) -> boolean
parse(raw_record) -> entity
try_update(entity) -> boolean
insert_batch([entity]) -> None
This class exposes helpers for implementations:
self.api
self.get_editgroup_id()
self.create_(entity) -> EntityEdit
for related entity types
self.push_entity(entity)
self.counts['exists'] += 1
if didn't update or insert because of existing)
self.counts['update'] += 1
if updated an entity
"""
def __init__(self, api, **kwargs):
eg_extra = kwargs.get('editgroup_extra', dict())
eg_extra['git_rev'] = eg_extra.get('git_rev',
subprocess.check_output(["git", "describe", "--always"]).strip()).decode('utf-8')
eg_extra['agent'] = eg_extra.get('agent', 'fatcat_tools.EntityImporter')
self.api = api
self.bezerk_mode = kwargs.get('bezerk_mode', False)
self.edit_batch_size = kwargs.get('edit_batch_size', 100)
self.editgroup_description = kwargs.get('editgroup_description')
self.editgroup_extra = eg_extra
self.reset()
self._issnl_id_map = dict()
self._orcid_id_map = dict()
self._orcid_regex = re.compile("^\\d{4}-\\d{4}-\\d{4}-\\d{3}[\\dX]$")
self._doi_id_map = dict()
self._pmid_id_map = dict()
def reset(self):
self.counts = Counter({'total': 0, 'skip': 0, 'insert': 0, 'update': 0, 'exists': 0})
self._edit_count = 0
self._editgroup_id = None
self._entity_queue = []
self._edits_inflight = []
def push_record(self, raw_record):
"""
Returns nothing.
"""
self.counts['total'] += 1
if (not raw_record) or (not self.want(raw_record)):
self.counts['skip'] += 1
return
entity = self.parse_record(raw_record)
if not entity:
self.counts['skip'] += 1
return
if self.bezerk_mode:
self.push_entity(entity)
return
if self.try_update(entity):
self.push_entity(entity)
return
def parse_record(self, raw_record):
# implementations should fill this in
raise NotImplementedError
def finish(self):
if self._edit_count > 0:
self.api.accept_editgroup(self._editgroup_id)
self._editgroup_id = None
self._edit_count = 0
self._edits_inflight = []
if self._entity_queue:
self.insert_batch(self._entity_queue)
self.counts['insert'] += len(self._entity_queue)
self._entity_queue = []
return self.counts
def get_editgroup_id(self, edits=1):
if self._edit_count >= self.edit_batch_size:
self.api.accept_editgroup(self._editgroup_id)
self._editgroup_id = None
self._edit_count = 0
self._edits_inflight = []
if not self._editgroup_id:
eg = self.api.create_editgroup(
fatcat_openapi_client.Editgroup(
description=self.editgroup_description,
extra=self.editgroup_extra))
self._editgroup_id = eg.editgroup_id
self._edit_count += edits
return self._editgroup_id
def create_container(self, entity):
eg_id = self.get_editgroup_id()
self.counts['inserted.container'] += 1
return self.api.create_container(eg_id, entity)
def create_release(self, entity):
eg_id = self.get_editgroup_id()
self.counts['inserted.release'] += 1
return self.api.create_release(eg_id, entity)
def create_file(self, entity):
eg_id = self.get_editgroup_id()
self.counts['inserted.file'] += 1
return self.api.create_file(eg_id, entity)
def updated(self):
"""
Implementations should call this from try_update() if the update was successful
"""
self.counts['update'] += 1
def push_entity(self, entity):
self._entity_queue.append(entity)
if len(self._entity_queue) >= self.edit_batch_size:
self.insert_batch(self._entity_queue)
self.counts['insert'] += len(self._entity_queue)
self._entity_queue = []
def want(self, raw_record):
"""
Implementations can override for optional fast-path to drop a record.
Must have no side-effects; returns bool.
"""
return True
def parse(self, raw_record):
"""
Returns an entity class type, or None if we should skip this one.
May have side-effects (eg, create related entities), but shouldn't
update/mutate the actual entity.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
def try_update(self, raw_record):
"""
Passed the output of parse(). Should try to find an existing entity and
update it (PUT), decide we should do nothing (based on the existing
record), or create a new one.
Implementations must update the exists/updated/skip counts
appropriately in this method.
Returns boolean: True if the entity should still be inserted, False otherwise
"""
raise NotImplementedError
def insert_batch(self, raw_record):
raise NotImplementedError
def is_orcid(self, orcid):
return self._orcid_regex.match(orcid) is not None
def lookup_orcid(self, orcid):
"""Caches calls to the Orcid lookup API endpoint in a local dict"""
if not self.is_orcid(orcid):
return None
if orcid in self._orcid_id_map:
return self._orcid_id_map[orcid]
creator_id = None
try:
rv = self.api.lookup_creator(orcid=orcid)
creator_id = rv.ident
except ApiException as ae:
# If anything other than a 404 (not found), something is wrong
assert ae.status == 404
self._orcid_id_map[orcid] = creator_id # might be None
return creator_id
def is_doi(self, doi):
return doi.startswith("10.") and doi.count("/") >= 1
def lookup_doi(self, doi):
"""Caches calls to the doi lookup API endpoint in a local dict
For identifier lookups only (not full object fetches)"""
assert self.is_doi(doi)
doi = doi.lower()
if doi in self._doi_id_map:
return self._doi_id_map[doi]
release_id = None
try:
rv = self.api.lookup_release(doi=doi, hide="abstracts,refs,contribs")
release_id = rv.ident
except ApiException as ae:
# If anything other than a 404 (not found), something is wrong
assert ae.status == 404
self._doi_id_map[doi] = release_id # might be None
return release_id
def lookup_pmid(self, pmid):
"""Caches calls to the pmid lookup API endpoint in a local dict
For identifier lookups only (not full object fetches)"""
if pmid in self._pmid_id_map:
return self._pmid_id_map[pmid]
release_id = None
try:
rv = self.api.lookup_release(pmid=pmid, hide="abstracts,refs,contribs")
release_id = rv.ident
except ApiException as ae:
# If anything other than a 404 (not found), something is wrong
assert ae.status == 404
self._pmid_id_map[pmid] = release_id # might be None
return release_id
def is_issnl(self, issnl):
return len(issnl) == 9 and issnl[4] == '-'
def lookup_issnl(self, issnl):
"""Caches calls to the ISSN-L lookup API endpoint in a local dict"""
if issnl in self._issnl_id_map:
return self._issnl_id_map[issnl]
container_id = None
try:
rv = self.api.lookup_container(issnl=issnl)
container_id = rv.ident
except ApiException as ae:
# If anything other than a 404 (not found), something is wrong
assert ae.status == 404
self._issnl_id_map[issnl] = container_id # might be None
return container_id
def read_issn_map_file(self, issn_map_file):
print("Loading ISSN map file...")
self._issn_issnl_map = dict()
for line in issn_map_file:
if line.startswith("ISSN") or len(line) == 0:
continue
(issn, issnl) = line.split()[0:2]
self._issn_issnl_map[issn] = issnl
# double mapping makes lookups easy
self._issn_issnl_map[issnl] = issnl
print("Got {} ISSN-L mappings.".format(len(self._issn_issnl_map)))
def issn2issnl(self, issn):
if issn is None:
return None
return self._issn_issnl_map.get(issn)
class RecordPusher:
"""
Base class for different importer sources. Pretty trivial interface, just
wraps an importer and pushes records in to it.
"""
def __init__(self, importer, **kwargs):
self.importer = importer
def run(self):
"""
This will look something like:
for line in sys.stdin:
record = json.loads(line)
self.importer.push_record(record)
print(self.importer.finish())
"""
raise NotImplementedError
class JsonLinePusher(RecordPusher):
def __init__(self, importer, json_file, **kwargs):
self.importer = importer
self.json_file = json_file
def run(self):
for line in self.json_file:
if not line:
continue
record = json.loads(line)
self.importer.push_record(record)
counts = self.importer.finish()
print(counts)
return counts
class CsvPusher(RecordPusher):
def __init__(self, importer, csv_file, **kwargs):
self.importer = importer
self.reader = csv.DictReader(csv_file, delimiter=kwargs.get('delimiter', ','))
def run(self):
for line in self.reader:
if not line:
continue
self.importer.push_record(line)
counts = self.importer.finish()
print(counts)
return counts
class LinePusher(RecordPusher):
def __init__(self, importer, text_file, **kwargs):
self.importer = importer
self.text_file = text_file
def run(self):
for line in self.text_file:
if not line:
continue
self.importer.push_record(line)
counts = self.importer.finish()
print(counts)
return counts
class SqlitePusher(RecordPusher):
def __init__(self, importer, db_file, table_name, where_clause="", **kwargs):
self.importer = importer
self.db = sqlite3.connect(db_file, isolation_level='EXCLUSIVE')
self.db.row_factory = sqlite3.Row
self.table_name = table_name
self.where_clause = where_clause
def run(self):
cur = self.db.execute("SELECT * FROM {} {};".format(
self.table_name, self.where_clause))
for row in cur:
self.importer.push_record(row)
counts = self.importer.finish()
print(counts)
return counts
class Bs4XmlLinesPusher(RecordPusher):
def __init__(self, importer, xml_file, prefix_filter=None, **kwargs):
self.importer = importer
self.xml_file = xml_file
self.prefix_filter = prefix_filter
def run(self):
for line in self.xml_file:
if not line:
continue
if self.prefix_filter and not line.startswith(self.prefix_filter):
continue
soup = BeautifulSoup(line, "xml")
self.importer.push_record(soup)
soup.decompose()
counts = self.importer.finish()
print(counts)
return counts
class Bs4XmlFilePusher(RecordPusher):
def __init__(self, importer, xml_file, record_tag, **kwargs):
self.importer = importer
self.xml_file = xml_file
self.record_tag = record_tag
def run(self):
soup = BeautifulSoup(self.xml_file, "xml")
for record in soup.find_all(self.record_tag):
self.importer.push_record(record)
record.decompose()
counts = self.importer.finish()
soup.decompose()
print(counts)
return counts
class Bs4XmlLargeFilePusher(RecordPusher):
"""
This is a variant of Bs4XmlFilePusher which parses large files
incrementally, instead of loading the whole thing in RAM first.
The dominant source of RAM utilization at start-up is the large ISSN/ISSN-L
map. This can be confirmed in local development by using the small map in
./tests/files/.
Current implementation is weird/inefficient in that it re-parses with
BeautifulSoup (lxml) every article, but I didn't want to mangle or re-write
with a different BS back-end.
Did at least casual testing and all of: record.decompose(),
soup.decompose(), element.clear(), root.clear() helped with memory usage.
With all of these, memory growth is very slow and can probably be explained
by inner container/release API lookup caches.
"""
def __init__(self, importer, xml_file, record_tag, **kwargs):
self.importer = importer
self.xml_file = xml_file
self.record_tag = record_tag
def run(self):
elem_iter = ET.iterparse(self.xml_file, ["start", "end"])
i = 0
root = None
for (event, element) in elem_iter:
if not root and event == "start":
root = element
continue
if not (element.tag == self.record_tag and event == "end"):
continue
soup = BeautifulSoup(ET.tostring(element), "xml")
for record in soup.find_all(self.record_tag):
self.importer.push_record(record)
record.decompose()
soup.decompose()
element.clear()
root.clear()
counts = self.importer.finish()
print(counts)
return counts
class Bs4XmlFileListPusher(RecordPusher):
def __init__(self, importer, list_file, record_tag, **kwargs):
self.importer = importer
self.list_file = list_file
self.record_tag = record_tag
def run(self):
for xml_path in self.list_file:
xml_path = xml_path.strip()
if not xml_path or xml_path.startswith("#"):
continue
with open(xml_path, 'r') as xml_file:
soup = BeautifulSoup(xml_file, "xml")
for record in soup.find_all(self.record_tag):
self.importer.push_record(record)
record.decompose()
soup.decompose()
counts = self.importer.finish()
print(counts)
return counts
class KafkaJsonPusher(RecordPusher):
def __init__(self, importer, kafka_hosts, kafka_env, topic_suffix, group, **kwargs):
self.importer = importer
self.consumer = make_kafka_consumer(
kafka_hosts,
kafka_env,
topic_suffix,
group,
)
self.poll_interval = kwargs.get('poll_interval', 5.0)
self.consume_batch_size = kwargs.get('consume_batch_size', 100)
def run(self):
count = 0
while True:
# TODO: this is batch-oriented, because underlying importer is
# often batch-oriented, but this doesn't confirm that entire batch
# has been pushed to fatcat before commiting offset. Eg, consider
# case where there there is one update and thousands of creates;
# update would be lingering in importer, and if importer crashed
# never created. Not great.
batch = self.consumer.consume(
num_messages=self.consume_batch_size,
timeout=self.poll_interval)
print("... got {} kafka messages ({}sec poll interval)".format(
len(batch), self.poll_interval))
if not batch:
# TODO: could have some larger timeout here and
# self.importer.finish() if it's been more than, eg, a couple
# minutes
continue
# first check errors on entire batch...
for msg in batch:
if msg.error():
raise KafkaException(msg.error())
# ... then process
for msg in batch:
record = json.loads(msg.value().decode('utf-8'))
self.importer.push_record(record)
count += 1
if count % 500 == 0:
print("Import counts: {}".format(self.importer.counts))
for msg in batch:
# locally store offsets of processed messages; will be
# auto-commited by librdkafka from this "stored" value
self.consumer.store_offsets(message=msg)
# TODO: should catch UNIX signals (HUP?) to shutdown cleanly, and/or
# commit the current batch if it has been lingering
counts = self.importer.finish()
print(counts)
self.consumer.close()
return counts
def make_kafka_consumer(hosts, env, topic_suffix, group):
topic_name = "fatcat-{}.{}".format(env, topic_suffix)
def fail_fast(err, partitions):
if err is not None:
print("Kafka consumer commit error: {}".format(err))
print("Bailing out...")
# TODO: should it be sys.exit(-1)?
raise KafkaException(err)
for p in partitions:
# check for partition-specific commit errors
if p.error:
print("Kafka consumer commit error: {}".format(p.error))
print("Bailing out...")
# TODO: should it be sys.exit(-1)?
raise KafkaException(err)
#print("Kafka consumer commit successful")
pass
# previously, using pykafka
#auto_commit_enable=True,
#auto_commit_interval_ms=30000, # 30 seconds
conf = {
'bootstrap.servers': hosts,
'group.id': group,
'on_commit': fail_fast,
# messages don't have offset marked as stored until pushed to
# elastic, but we do auto-commit stored offsets to broker
'enable.auto.offset.store': False,
'enable.auto.commit': True,
# user code timeout; if no poll after this long, assume user code
# hung and rebalance (default: 5min)
'max.poll.interval.ms': 120000,
'default.topic.config': {
'auto.offset.reset': 'latest',
},
}
def on_rebalance(consumer, partitions):
for p in partitions:
if p.error:
raise KafkaException(p.error)
print("Kafka partitions rebalanced: {} / {}".format(
consumer, partitions))
consumer = Consumer(conf)
# NOTE: it's actually important that topic_name *not* be bytes (UTF-8
# encoded)
consumer.subscribe([topic_name],
on_assign=on_rebalance,
on_revoke=on_rebalance,
)
print("Consuming from kafka topic {}, group {}".format(topic_name, group))
return consumer