refactor release and container search

Based on fatcat-scholar refactoring.

This doesn't include refactoring of stats, aggregates, or histograms
yet, just the direct queries.

Don't have any test coverage yet; intend to try elasticmock or figuring
out how to ingest mock JSON results directly.

5 files changed, 233 insertions, 131 deletions

diff --git a/python/fatcat_web/routes.py b/python/fatcat_web/routes.py
index 2489ac03..4a66b3c2 100644
--- a/python/fatcat_web/routes.py
+++ b/python/fatcat_web/routes.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ from fatcat_tools.normal import *
 from fatcat_web import app, api, auth_api, priv_api, mwoauth, Config
 from fatcat_web.auth import handle_token_login, handle_logout, load_user, handle_ia_xauth, handle_wmoauth
 from fatcat_web.cors import crossdomain
-from fatcat_web.search import *
+from fatcat_web.search import ReleaseQuery, GenericQuery, do_release_search, do_container_search, get_elastic_entity_stats, get_elastic_container_stats, get_elastic_container_histogram
 from fatcat_web.entity_helpers import *
 from fatcat_web.graphics import *
 from fatcat_web.kafka import *
@@ -706,44 +706,22 @@ def generic_search():
 @app.route('/release/search', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
 def release_search():
 
-    query = request.args.get('q')
-    if not query:
-        query = '*'
-    fulltext_only = bool(request.args.get('fulltext_only'))
+    if 'q' not in request.args.keys():
+        return render_template('release_search.html', query=ReleaseQuery(), found=None)
 
-    issnl = request.args.get('container_issnl')
-    if issnl and query:
-        query += ' container_issnl:"{}"'.format(issnl)
-
-    container_id = request.args.get('container_id')
-    if container_id and query:
-        query += ' container_id:"{}"'.format(container_id)
-
-    offset = request.args.get('offset', '0')
-    offset = max(0, int(offset)) if offset.isnumeric() else 0
-
-    if 'q' in request.args.keys():
-        # always do files for HTML
-        found = do_release_search(query, fulltext_only=fulltext_only, offset=offset)
-        return render_template('release_search.html', found=found, query=query, fulltext_only=fulltext_only)
-    else:
-        return render_template('release_search.html', query=query, fulltext_only=fulltext_only)
+    query = ReleaseQuery.from_args(request.args)
+    found = do_release_search(query)
+    return render_template('release_search.html', query=query, found=found)
 
 @app.route('/container/search', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
 def container_search():
 
-    query = request.args.get('q')
-    if not query:
-        query = '*'
-    offset = request.args.get('offset', '0')
-    offset = max(0, int(offset)) if offset.isnumeric() else 0
+    if 'q' not in request.args.keys():
+        return render_template('container_search.html', query=GenericQuery(), found=None)
 
-    if 'q' in request.args.keys():
-        # always do files for HTML
-        found = do_container_search(query, offset=offset)
-        return render_template('container_search.html', found=found, query=query)
-    else:
-        return render_template('container_search.html', query=query)
+    query = GenericQuery.from_args(request.args)
+    found = do_container_search(query)
+    return render_template('container_search.html', query=query, found=found)
 
 def get_changelog_stats():
     stats = {}
diff --git a/python/fatcat_web/search.py b/python/fatcat_web/search.py
index 0fce6454..5baa8497 100644
--- a/python/fatcat_web/search.py
+++ b/python/fatcat_web/search.py
@@ -2,112 +2,236 @@
 """
 Helpers for doing elasticsearch queries (used in the web interface; not part of
 the formal API)
-
-TODO: ELASTICSEARCH_*_INDEX should probably be factored out and just hard-coded
 """
 
+import sys
 import datetime
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import List, Optional, Any
+
 import requests
 from flask import abort, flash
-from fatcat_web import app
-
 import elasticsearch
 from elasticsearch_dsl import Search, Q
+import elasticsearch_dsl.response
 
-def generic_search_execute(search, limit=30, offset=0, deep_page_limit=2000):
+from fatcat_web import app
 
-    # Sanity checks
-    if limit > 100:
-        limit = 100
-    if offset < 0:
-        offset = 0
-    if offset > deep_page_limit:
-        # Avoid deep paging problem.
-        offset = deep_page_limit
+@dataclass
+class ReleaseQuery:
+    q: Optional[str] = None
+    limit: Optional[int] = None
+    offset: Optional[int] = None
+    fulltext_only: bool = False
+    container_id: Optional[str] = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_args(cls, args) -> 'ReleaseQuery':
+
+        query_str = args.get('q') or '*'
+
+        container_id = args.get('container_id')
+        # TODO: as filter, not in query string
+        if container_id:
+            query_str += ' container_id:"{}"'.format(container_id)
+
+        # TODO: where are container_issnl queries actually used?
+        issnl = args.get('container_issnl')
+        if issnl and query_str:
+            query_str += ' container_issnl:"{}"'.format(issnl)
+
+        offset = args.get('offset', '0')
+        offset = max(0, int(offset)) if offset.isnumeric() else 0
+
+        return ReleaseQuery(
+            q=query_str,        
+            offset=offset,
+            fulltext_only=bool(args.get('fulltext_only')),
+            container_id=container_id,
+        )
+
+@dataclass
+class GenericQuery:
+    q: Optional[str] = None
+    limit: Optional[int] = None
+    offset: Optional[int] = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_args(cls, args) -> 'GenericQuery':
+        query_str = args.get('q')
+        if not query_str:
+            query_str = '*'
+        offset = args.get('offset', '0')
+        offset = max(0, int(offset)) if offset.isnumeric() else 0
+
+        return GenericQuery(
+            q=query_str,
+            offset=offset,
+        )
+
+@dataclass
+class SearchHits:
+    count_returned: int
+    count_found: int
+    offset: int
+    limit: int
+    deep_page_limit: int
+    query_time_ms: int
+    results: List[Any]
+
+
+def results_to_dict(response: elasticsearch_dsl.response.Response) -> List[dict]:
+    """
+    Takes a response returns all the hits as JSON objects.
+
+    Also handles surrogate strings that elasticsearch returns sometimes,
+    probably due to mangled data processing in some pipeline. "Crimes against
+    Unicode"; production workaround
+    """
+
+    results = []
+    for h in response:
+        r = h._d_
+        # print(h.meta._d_)
+        results.append(r)
 
-    search = search[int(offset):int(offset)+int(limit)]
+    for h in results:
+        for key in h:
+            if type(h[key]) is str:
+                h[key] = h[key].encode("utf8", "ignore").decode("utf8")
+    return results
 
+def wrap_es_execution(search: Search) -> Any:
+    """
+    Executes a Search object, and converts various ES error types into
+    something we can pretty print to the user.
+    """
     try:
         resp = search.execute()
     except elasticsearch.exceptions.RequestError as e:
         # this is a "user" error
-        print("elasticsearch 400: " + str(e.info))
-        flash("Search query failed to parse; you might need to use quotes.<p><code>{}: {}</code>".format(e.error, e.info['error']['root_cause'][0]['reason']))
-        abort(e.status_code)
+        print("elasticsearch 400: " + str(e.info), file=sys.stderr)
+        if e.info.get("error", {}).get("root_cause", {}):
+            raise ValueError(str(e.info["error"]["root_cause"][0].get("reason")))
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(str(e.info))
     except elasticsearch.exceptions.TransportError as e:
         # all other errors
-        print("elasticsearch non-200 status code: {}".format(e.info))
-        flash("Elasticsearch error: {}".format(e.error))
-        abort(e.status_code)
+        print("elasticsearch non-200 status code: {}".format(e.info), file=sys.stderr)
+        raise IOError(str(e.info))
+    return resp
 
-    # just the dict()
-    hits = [h._d_ for h in resp]
-    for h in hits:
-        # Handle surrogate strings that elasticsearch returns sometimes,
-        # probably due to mangled data processing in some pipeline.
-        # "Crimes against Unicode"; production workaround
-        for key in h:
-            if type(h[key]) is str:
-                h[key] = h[key].encode('utf8', 'ignore').decode('utf8')
+def do_container_search(
+    query: GenericQuery, deep_page_limit: int = 2000
+) -> SearchHits:
 
-    return {"count_returned": len(hits),
-            "count_found": int(resp.hits.total),
-            "results": hits,
-            "offset": offset,
-            "limit": limit,
-            "deep_page_limit": deep_page_limit}
+    search = Search(using=app.es_client, index=app.config['ELASTICSEARCH_CONTAINER_INDEX'])
 
+    search = search.query(
+        "query_string",
+        query=query.q,
+        default_operator="AND",
+        analyze_wildcard=True,
+        allow_leading_wildcard=False,
+        lenient=True,
+        fields=["biblio"],
+    )
 
-def do_release_search(q, limit=30, fulltext_only=True, offset=0):
+    # Sanity checks
+    limit = min((int(query.limit or 25), 100))
+    offset = max((int(query.offset or 0), 0))
+    if offset > deep_page_limit:
+        # Avoid deep paging problem.
+        offset = deep_page_limit
 
-    # Convert raw DOIs to DOI queries
-    if len(q.split()) == 1 and q.startswith("10.") and q.count("/") >= 1:
-        q = 'doi:"{}"'.format(q)
+    search = search[offset : (offset + limit)]
 
-    if fulltext_only:
-        q += " in_web:true"
+    resp = wrap_es_execution(search)
+    results = results_to_dict(resp)
 
-    search = Search(using=app.es_client, index=app.config['ELASTICSEARCH_RELEASE_INDEX']) \
-        .query(
-            'query_string',
-            query=q,
-            default_operator="AND",
-            analyze_wildcard=True,
-            lenient=True,
-            fields=["biblio"],
-        )
+    return SearchHits(
+        count_returned=len(results),
+        count_found=int(resp.hits.total),
+        offset=offset,
+        limit=limit,
+        deep_page_limit=deep_page_limit,
+        query_time_ms=int(resp.took),
+        results=results,
+    )
 
-    resp = generic_search_execute(search, offset=offset)
+def do_release_search(
+    query: ReleaseQuery, deep_page_limit: int = 2000
+) -> SearchHits:
+
+    search = Search(using=app.es_client, index=app.config['ELASTICSEARCH_RELEASE_INDEX'])
+
+    # availability filters
+    if query.fulltext_only:
+        search = search.filter("term", in_ia=True)
+
+    # Below, we combine several queries to improve scoring.
+
+    # this query use the fancy built-in query string parser
+    basic_biblio = Q(
+        "query_string",
+        query=query.q,
+        default_operator="AND",
+        analyze_wildcard=True,
+        allow_leading_wildcard=False,
+        lenient=True,
+        fields=[
+            "title^2",
+            "biblio",
+        ],
+    )
+    has_fulltext = Q("term", in_ia=True)
+    poor_metadata = Q(
+        "bool",
+        should=[
+            # if these fields aren't set, metadata is poor. The more that do
+            # not exist, the stronger the signal.
+            Q("bool", must_not=Q("exists", field="title")),
+            Q("bool", must_not=Q("exists", field="release_year")),
+            Q("bool", must_not=Q("exists", field="release_type")),
+            Q("bool", must_not=Q("exists", field="release_stage")),
+        ],
+    )
 
-    for h in resp['results']:
-        print(h)
-        # Ensure 'contrib_names' is a list, not a single string
-        if type(h['contrib_names']) is not list:
-            h['contrib_names'] = [h['contrib_names'], ]
-        h['contrib_names'] = [name.encode('utf8', 'ignore').decode('utf8') for name in h['contrib_names']]
-    resp["query"] = { "q": q }
-    return resp
+    search = search.query(
+        "boosting",
+        positive=Q("bool", must=basic_biblio, should=[has_fulltext],),
+        negative=poor_metadata,
+        negative_boost=0.5,
+    )
 
+    # Sanity checks
+    limit = min((int(query.limit or 25), 100))
+    offset = max((int(query.offset or 0), 0))
+    if offset > deep_page_limit:
+        # Avoid deep paging problem.
+        offset = deep_page_limit
 
-def do_container_search(q, limit=30, offset=0):
+    search = search[offset : (offset + limit)]
 
-    # Convert raw ISSN-L to ISSN-L query
-    if len(q.split()) == 1 and len(q) == 9 and q[0:4].isdigit() and q[4] == '-':
-        q = 'issnl:"{}"'.format(q)
+    resp = wrap_es_execution(search)
+    results = results_to_dict(resp)
 
-    search = Search(using=app.es_client, index=app.config['ELASTICSEARCH_RELEASE_INDEX']) \
-        .query(
-            'query_string',
-            query=q,
-            default_operator="AND",
-            analyze_wildcard=True,
-            lenient=True,
-            fields=["biblio"],
-        )
+    for h in results:
+        # Ensure 'contrib_names' is a list, not a single string
+        print(h, file=sys.stderr)
+        if type(h['contrib_names']) is not list:
+            h['contrib_names'] = [h['contrib_names'], ]
+        h['contrib_names'] = [name.encode('utf8', 'ignore').decode('utf8') for name in h['contrib_names']]
 
-    resp = generic_search_execute(search, offset=offset)
-    resp["query"] = { "q": q }
-    return resp
+    return SearchHits(
+        count_returned=len(results),
+        count_found=int(resp.hits.total),
+        offset=offset,
+        limit=limit,
+        deep_page_limit=deep_page_limit,
+        query_time_ms=int(resp.took),
+        results=results,
+    )
 
 def get_elastic_entity_stats():
     """
diff --git a/python/fatcat_web/templates/container_search.html b/python/fatcat_web/templates/container_search.html
index 1a804595..2566f542 100644
--- a/python/fatcat_web/templates/container_search.html
+++ b/python/fatcat_web/templates/container_search.html
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 {% extends "base.html" %}
 
 {% block title %}
-{% if query %}
-  Search: {{ query }}
+{% if query.q %}
+  Search: {{ query.q }}
 {% else %}
   Release Search
 {% endif %}
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@
     <form class="" role="search" action="/container/search" method="get">
       <div class="ui form">
         <div class="ui action input huge fluid">
-          <input type="text" placeholder="Query..." name="q" value="{% if query %}{{ query }}{% endif %}" aria-label="search container metadata"> <button class="ui button">Search</button>
+          <input type="text" placeholder="Query..." name="q" value="{% if query.q %}{{ query.q }}{% endif %}" aria-label="search container metadata"> <button class="ui button">Search</button>
         </div>
-        <br>Can also lookup by <b><a href="/container/lookup">identifier</a></b> or search <b><a href="/release/search?q={{ query or "" }}">releases</a></b>.
+        <br>Can also lookup by <b><a href="/container/lookup">identifier</a></b> or search <b><a href="/release/search?q={{ query.q or "" }}">releases</a></b>.
       </div>
     </form>
   </div>
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
 {% if found %}
   {% if found.results %}
 
-    {{ entity_macros.top_results(found) }}
+    {{ entity_macros.top_results(query, found) }}
 
     {% for entity in found.results %}
       <div>
@@ -55,13 +55,13 @@
     {% if found.results|length > 8 %}
       <div class="ui divider"></div>
       <div style="text-align: center">
-      {{ entity_macros.bottom_results(found, endpoint='container_search') }}
+      {{ entity_macros.bottom_results(query, found, endpoint='container_search') }}
       </div>
     {% endif %}
 
   {% else %}
 
-    Raw query was: <i>{{ found.query.q }}</i>
+    Raw query was: <i>{{ query.q }}</i>
 
     <div class="ui centered stackable grid" style="padding-top: 15%;">
       <div class="row">
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
           <h2>No results found!</h2>
           <p>You could try elsewhere:</p>
           <ul>
-            <li>Search <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q={{ found.query.q | urlencode }}">Google Scholar</a></li>
+            <li>Search <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q={{ query.q | urlencode }}">Google Scholar</a></li>
           </ul>
         </div>
       </div>
diff --git a/python/fatcat_web/templates/entity_macros.html b/python/fatcat_web/templates/entity_macros.html
index c22eb106..0e7f135a 100644
--- a/python/fatcat_web/templates/entity_macros.html
+++ b/python/fatcat_web/templates/entity_macros.html
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ yellow
 {% endif %}
 {%- endmacro %}
 
-{% macro top_results(found) -%}
+{% macro top_results(query, found) -%}
 
 <i>Showing
   {% if found.offset == 0 %}
@@ -278,13 +278,13 @@ yellow
 {%- endmacro %}
 
 
-{% macro bottom_results(found, endpoint='release_search') -%}
+{% macro bottom_results(query, found, endpoint='release_search') -%}
 
 {% if found.offset > 0 %}
   {% if found.offset - found.limit < 0 %}
-    <a href="{{ url_for(endpoint, q=found.query.q, offset=0) }}">&#xab; Previous</a>
+    <a href="{{ url_for(endpoint, q=query.q, offset=0) }}">&#xab; Previous</a>
   {% else %}
-    <a href="{{ url_for(endpoint, q=found.query.q, offset=found.offset - found.limit) }}">&#xab; Previous</a>
+    <a href="{{ url_for(endpoint, q=query.q, offset=found.offset - found.limit) }}">&#xab; Previous</a>
   {% endif %}
 {% else %}
   <span style="color:gray">&#xab; Previous</span>
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ yellow
 found.count_returned }} out of {{ found.count_found }} results</i>&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
 {% if found.offset + found.limit < found.count_found and found.offset + found.limit < found.deep_page_limit %}
-  <a href="{{ url_for(endpoint, q=found.query.q, offset=found.offset + found.limit) }}">Next &#xbb;</a>
+  <a href="{{ url_for(endpoint, q=query.q, offset=found.offset + found.limit) }}">Next &#xbb;</a>
   {% else %}
   <span style="color:gray">Next &#xbb;</span>
 {% endif %}
diff --git a/python/fatcat_web/templates/release_search.html b/python/fatcat_web/templates/release_search.html
index a600f1b2..58aa35d6 100644
--- a/python/fatcat_web/templates/release_search.html
+++ b/python/fatcat_web/templates/release_search.html
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 {% extends "base.html" %}
 
 {% block title %}
-{% if query %}
-  Search: {{ query }}
+{% if query.q %}
+  Search: {{ query.q }}
 {% else %}
   Release Search
 {% endif %}
@@ -18,14 +18,14 @@
     <form class="" role="search" action="/release/search" method="get">
       <div class="ui form">
         <div class="ui action input huge fluid">
-          <input type="text" placeholder="Query..." name="q" value="{% if query %}{{ query }}{% endif %}" aria-label="search release metadata">
+          <input type="text" placeholder="Query..." name="q" value="{% if query.q %}{{ query.q }}{% endif %}" aria-label="search release metadata">
           <button class="ui primary button">Search</button>
         </div>
         <div class="ui checkbox" style="float: right; margin: 1em;">
           <input type="checkbox" name="fulltext_only" id="fulltext_only" value="true" {% if fulltext_only %}checked{% endif %}>
           <label for="fulltext_only">Fulltext Available Only</label>
         </div>
-        <br>Can also lookup by <b><a href="/release/lookup">identifier</a></b> or search for <b><a href="/container/search?q={{ query or "" }}">containers</a></b> (eg, journals).
+        <br>Can also lookup by <b><a href="/release/lookup">identifier</a></b> or search for <b><a href="/container/search?q={{ query.q or "" }}">containers</a></b> (eg, journals).
       </div>
     </form>
   </div>
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
 {% if found %}
   {% if found.results %}
 
-    {{ entity_macros.top_results(found) }}
+    {{ entity_macros.top_results(query, found) }}
 
     {% for paper in found.results %}
       {{ entity_macros.release_search_result_row(paper) }}
@@ -46,13 +46,13 @@
     {% if found.results|length > 8 %}
       <div class="ui divider"></div>
       <div style="text-align: center">
-      {{ entity_macros.bottom_results(found, endpoint='release_search') }}
+      {{ entity_macros.bottom_results(query, found, endpoint='release_search') }}
       </div>
     {% endif %}
 
   {% else %}
 
-    Raw query was: <i>{{ found.query.q }}</i>
+    Raw query was: <i>{{ query.q }}</i>
 
     <div class="ui centered stackable grid" style="padding-top: 15%;">
       <div class="row">
@@ -63,9 +63,9 @@
           <h2>No results found!</h2>
           <p>You could try elsewhere:</p>
           <ul>
-            <li>Search <a href="https://dissem.in/search?q={{ found.query.q | urlencode }}">dissem.in</a></li>
-            <li>Search <a href="https://www.base-search.net/Search/Results?lookfor={{ found.query.q | urlencode }}">BASE</a></li>
-            <li>Search <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q={{ found.query.q | urlencode }}">Google Scholar</a></li>
+            <li>Search <a href="https://dissem.in/search?q={{ query.q | urlencode }}">dissem.in</a></li>
+            <li>Search <a href="https://www.base-search.net/Search/Results?lookfor={{ query.q | urlencode }}">BASE</a></li>
+            <li>Search <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q={{ query.q | urlencode }}">Google Scholar</a></li>
           </ul>
         </div>
       </div>