reformat python code with black

15 files changed, 797 insertions, 519 deletions

diff --git a/fatcat_scholar/api_entities.py b/fatcat_scholar/api_entities.py
index 738c5c8..df24eda 100644
--- a/fatcat_scholar/api_entities.py
+++ b/fatcat_scholar/api_entities.py
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-
 import json
 import collections
 from fatcat_openapi_client import ApiClient
 
 _global_serde_api_client = ApiClient()
 
+
 def entity_to_dict(entity, api_client=None):
     """
     Hack to take advantage of the code-generated serialization code.
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ def entity_to_dict(entity, api_client=None):
         api_client = _global_serde_api_client
     return api_client.sanitize_for_serialization(entity)
 
+
 def entity_from_json(json_str, entity_type, api_client=None):
     """
     Hack to take advantage of the code-generated deserialization code
@@ -27,10 +28,11 @@ def entity_from_json(json_str, entity_type, api_client=None):
     """
     if not api_client:
         api_client = _global_serde_api_client
-    thing = collections.namedtuple('Thing', ['data'])
+    thing = collections.namedtuple("Thing", ["data"])
     thing.data = json_str
     return api_client.deserialize(thing, entity_type)
 
+
 def entity_from_dict(obj, entity_type, api_client=None):
     json_str = json.dumps(obj)
     return entity_from_json(json_str, entity_type, api_client=api_client)
diff --git a/fatcat_scholar/djvu.py b/fatcat_scholar/djvu.py
index b4a0774..ca3e412 100644
--- a/fatcat_scholar/djvu.py
+++ b/fatcat_scholar/djvu.py
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-
 from io import StringIO
 from typing import List, Dict, Tuple, Optional, Any, Sequence
 import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
 
-def djvu_extract_leaf_texts(blob: StringIO, only_leaves: Optional[List[int]] = None) -> Dict[int, str]:
+
+def djvu_extract_leaf_texts(
+    blob: StringIO, only_leaves: Optional[List[int]] = None
+) -> Dict[int, str]:
     """
     Takes an in-memory djvu XML string (note: not an actual djvu file, just the
     IA XML file type), and iterates throug
@@ -21,12 +23,12 @@ def djvu_extract_leaf_texts(blob: StringIO, only_leaves: Optional[List[int]] = N
             continue
 
         # <OBJECT data="file://localhost//tmp/derive/ERIC_ED441501//ERIC_ED441501.djvu" height="6545" type="image/x.djvu" usemap="ERIC_ED441501_0002.djvu" width="5048">
-        usemap = element.get('usemap')
+        usemap = element.get("usemap")
         if not usemap:
             continue
         leaf_num = None
         try:
-            leaf_num = int(usemap.replace('.djvu', '').split('_')[-1])
+            leaf_num = int(usemap.replace(".djvu", "").split("_")[-1])
         except:
             continue
         if only_leaves is not None and leaf_num is not None:
@@ -42,7 +44,7 @@ def djvu_extract_leaf_texts(blob: StringIO, only_leaves: Optional[List[int]] = N
             if p_text:
                 paragraph_texts.append(p_text)
         page_text = "\n".join(paragraph_texts)
-        #print(f"### {leaf_num}\n{page_text}\n")
+        # print(f"### {leaf_num}\n{page_text}\n")
         if page_text:
             leaf_text[leaf_num] = page_text
         element.clear()
diff --git a/fatcat_scholar/grobid2json.py b/fatcat_scholar/grobid2json.py
index 9c2ffad..57d039e 100755
--- a/fatcat_scholar/grobid2json.py
+++ b/fatcat_scholar/grobid2json.py
@@ -33,52 +33,55 @@ import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
 xml_ns = "http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace"
 ns = "http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"
 
+
 def all_authors(elem):
     names = []
-    for author in elem.findall('.//{%s}author' % ns):
-        pn = author.find('./{%s}persName' % ns)
+    for author in elem.findall(".//{%s}author" % ns):
+        pn = author.find("./{%s}persName" % ns)
         if not pn:
             continue
-        given_name = pn.findtext('./{%s}forename' % ns) or None
-        surname = pn.findtext('./{%s}surname' % ns) or None
-        full_name = ' '.join(pn.itertext())
+        given_name = pn.findtext("./{%s}forename" % ns) or None
+        surname = pn.findtext("./{%s}surname" % ns) or None
+        full_name = " ".join(pn.itertext())
         obj = dict(name=full_name)
         if given_name:
-            obj['given_name'] = given_name
+            obj["given_name"] = given_name
         if surname:
-            obj['surname'] = surname
-        ae = author.find('./{%s}affiliation' % ns)
+            obj["surname"] = surname
+        ae = author.find("./{%s}affiliation" % ns)
         if ae:
             affiliation = dict()
-            for on in ae.findall('./{%s}orgName' % ns):
-                affiliation[on.get('type')] = on.text
-            addr_e = ae.find('./{%s}address' % ns)
+            for on in ae.findall("./{%s}orgName" % ns):
+                affiliation[on.get("type")] = on.text
+            addr_e = ae.find("./{%s}address" % ns)
             if addr_e:
                 address = dict()
                 for t in addr_e.getchildren():
-                    address[t.tag.split('}')[-1]] = t.text
+                    address[t.tag.split("}")[-1]] = t.text
                 if address:
-                    affiliation['address'] = address
-                #affiliation['address'] = {
+                    affiliation["address"] = address
+                # affiliation['address'] = {
                 #    'post_code': addr.findtext('./{%s}postCode' % ns) or None,
                 #    'settlement': addr.findtext('./{%s}settlement' % ns) or None,
                 #    'country': addr.findtext('./{%s}country' % ns) or None,
-                #}
-            obj['affiliation'] = affiliation
+                # }
+            obj["affiliation"] = affiliation
         names.append(obj)
     return names
 
 
 def journal_info(elem):
     journal = dict()
-    journal['name'] = elem.findtext('.//{%s}monogr/{%s}title' % (ns, ns))
-    journal['publisher'] = elem.findtext('.//{%s}publicationStmt/{%s}publisher' % (ns, ns))
-    if journal['publisher'] == '':
-        journal['publisher'] = None
-    journal['issn'] = elem.findtext('.//{%s}idno[@type="ISSN"]' % ns)
-    journal['eissn'] = elem.findtext('.//{%s}idno[@type="eISSN"]' % ns)
-    journal['volume'] = elem.findtext('.//{%s}biblScope[@unit="volume"]' % ns)
-    journal['issue'] = elem.findtext('.//{%s}biblScope[@unit="issue"]' % ns)
+    journal["name"] = elem.findtext(".//{%s}monogr/{%s}title" % (ns, ns))
+    journal["publisher"] = elem.findtext(
+        ".//{%s}publicationStmt/{%s}publisher" % (ns, ns)
+    )
+    if journal["publisher"] == "":
+        journal["publisher"] = None
+    journal["issn"] = elem.findtext('.//{%s}idno[@type="ISSN"]' % ns)
+    journal["eissn"] = elem.findtext('.//{%s}idno[@type="eISSN"]' % ns)
+    journal["volume"] = elem.findtext('.//{%s}biblScope[@unit="volume"]' % ns)
+    journal["issue"] = elem.findtext('.//{%s}biblScope[@unit="issue"]' % ns)
     keys = list(journal.keys())
 
     # remove empty/null keys
@@ -90,32 +93,32 @@ def journal_info(elem):
 
 def biblio_info(elem):
     ref = dict()
-    ref['id'] = elem.attrib.get('{http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace}id')
+    ref["id"] = elem.attrib.get("{http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace}id")
     # Title stuff is messy in references...
-    ref['title'] = elem.findtext('.//{%s}analytic/{%s}title' % (ns, ns))
-    other_title = elem.findtext('.//{%s}monogr/{%s}title' % (ns, ns))
+    ref["title"] = elem.findtext(".//{%s}analytic/{%s}title" % (ns, ns))
+    other_title = elem.findtext(".//{%s}monogr/{%s}title" % (ns, ns))
     if other_title:
-        if ref['title']:
-            ref['journal'] = other_title
+        if ref["title"]:
+            ref["journal"] = other_title
         else:
-            ref['journal'] = None
-            ref['title'] = other_title
-    ref['authors'] = all_authors(elem)
-    ref['publisher'] = elem.findtext('.//{%s}publicationStmt/{%s}publisher' % (ns, ns))
-    if ref['publisher'] == '':
-        ref['publisher'] = None
+            ref["journal"] = None
+            ref["title"] = other_title
+    ref["authors"] = all_authors(elem)
+    ref["publisher"] = elem.findtext(".//{%s}publicationStmt/{%s}publisher" % (ns, ns))
+    if ref["publisher"] == "":
+        ref["publisher"] = None
     date = elem.find('.//{%s}date[@type="published"]' % ns)
-    ref['date'] = (date != None) and date.attrib.get('when')
-    ref['volume'] = elem.findtext('.//{%s}biblScope[@unit="volume"]' % ns)
-    ref['issue'] = elem.findtext('.//{%s}biblScope[@unit="issue"]' % ns)
-    el = elem.find('.//{%s}ptr[@target]' % ns)
+    ref["date"] = (date != None) and date.attrib.get("when")
+    ref["volume"] = elem.findtext('.//{%s}biblScope[@unit="volume"]' % ns)
+    ref["issue"] = elem.findtext('.//{%s}biblScope[@unit="issue"]' % ns)
+    el = elem.find(".//{%s}ptr[@target]" % ns)
     if el is not None:
-        ref['url'] = el.attrib['target']
+        ref["url"] = el.attrib["target"]
         # Hand correction
-        if ref['url'].endswith(".Lastaccessed"):
-            ref['url'] = ref['url'].replace(".Lastaccessed", "")
+        if ref["url"].endswith(".Lastaccessed"):
+            ref["url"] = ref["url"].replace(".Lastaccessed", "")
     else:
-        ref['url'] = None
+        ref["url"] = None
     return ref
 
 
@@ -128,48 +131,50 @@ def teixml2json(content, encumbered=True):
 
     info = dict()
 
-    #print(content)
-    #print(content.getvalue())
+    # print(content)
+    # print(content.getvalue())
     tree = ET.parse(content)
     tei = tree.getroot()
 
-    header = tei.find('.//{%s}teiHeader' % ns)
+    header = tei.find(".//{%s}teiHeader" % ns)
     if header is None:
         raise ValueError("XML does not look like TEI format")
-    application_tag = header.findall('.//{%s}appInfo/{%s}application' % (ns, ns))[0]
-    info['grobid_version'] = application_tag.attrib['version'].strip()
-    info['grobid_timestamp'] = application_tag.attrib['when'].strip()
-    info['title'] = header.findtext('.//{%s}analytic/{%s}title' % (ns, ns))
-    info['authors'] = all_authors(header.find('.//{%s}sourceDesc/{%s}biblStruct' % (ns, ns)))
-    info['journal'] = journal_info(header)
+    application_tag = header.findall(".//{%s}appInfo/{%s}application" % (ns, ns))[0]
+    info["grobid_version"] = application_tag.attrib["version"].strip()
+    info["grobid_timestamp"] = application_tag.attrib["when"].strip()
+    info["title"] = header.findtext(".//{%s}analytic/{%s}title" % (ns, ns))
+    info["authors"] = all_authors(
+        header.find(".//{%s}sourceDesc/{%s}biblStruct" % (ns, ns))
+    )
+    info["journal"] = journal_info(header)
     date = header.find('.//{%s}date[@type="published"]' % ns)
-    info['date'] = (date != None) and date.attrib.get('when')
-    info['fatcat_release'] = header.findtext('.//{%s}idno[@type="fatcat"]' % ns)
-    info['doi'] = header.findtext('.//{%s}idno[@type="DOI"]' % ns)
-    if info['doi']:
-        info['doi'] = info['doi'].lower()
+    info["date"] = (date != None) and date.attrib.get("when")
+    info["fatcat_release"] = header.findtext('.//{%s}idno[@type="fatcat"]' % ns)
+    info["doi"] = header.findtext('.//{%s}idno[@type="DOI"]' % ns)
+    if info["doi"]:
+        info["doi"] = info["doi"].lower()
 
     refs = []
-    for (i, bs) in enumerate(tei.findall('.//{%s}listBibl/{%s}biblStruct' % (ns, ns))):
+    for (i, bs) in enumerate(tei.findall(".//{%s}listBibl/{%s}biblStruct" % (ns, ns))):
         ref = biblio_info(bs)
-        ref['index'] = i
+        ref["index"] = i
         refs.append(ref)
-    info['citations'] = refs
+    info["citations"] = refs
 
-    text = tei.find('.//{%s}text' % (ns))
-    #print(text.attrib)
-    if text.attrib.get('{%s}lang' % xml_ns):
-        info['language_code'] = text.attrib['{%s}lang' % xml_ns]  # xml:lang
+    text = tei.find(".//{%s}text" % (ns))
+    # print(text.attrib)
+    if text.attrib.get("{%s}lang" % xml_ns):
+        info["language_code"] = text.attrib["{%s}lang" % xml_ns]  # xml:lang
 
     if encumbered:
-        el = tei.find('.//{%s}profileDesc/{%s}abstract' % (ns, ns))
-        info['abstract'] = (el or None) and " ".join(el.itertext()).strip()
-        el = tei.find('.//{%s}text/{%s}body' % (ns, ns))
-        info['body'] = (el or None) and " ".join(el.itertext()).strip()
+        el = tei.find(".//{%s}profileDesc/{%s}abstract" % (ns, ns))
+        info["abstract"] = (el or None) and " ".join(el.itertext()).strip()
+        el = tei.find(".//{%s}text/{%s}body" % (ns, ns))
+        info["body"] = (el or None) and " ".join(el.itertext()).strip()
         el = tei.find('.//{%s}back/{%s}div[@type="acknowledgement"]' % (ns, ns))
-        info['acknowledgement'] = (el or None) and " ".join(el.itertext()).strip()
+        info["acknowledgement"] = (el or None) and " ".join(el.itertext()).strip()
         el = tei.find('.//{%s}back/{%s}div[@type="annex"]' % (ns, ns))
-        info['annex'] = (el or None) and " ".join(el.itertext()).strip()
+        info["annex"] = (el or None) and " ".join(el.itertext()).strip()
 
     # remove empty/null keys
     keys = list(info.keys())
@@ -178,24 +183,31 @@ def teixml2json(content, encumbered=True):
             info.pop(k)
     return info
 
-def main():   # pragma no cover
+
+def main():  # pragma no cover
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter,
         description="GROBID TEI XML to JSON",
-        usage="%(prog)s [options] <teifile>...")
-    parser.add_argument("--no-encumbered",
+        usage="%(prog)s [options] <teifile>...",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--no-encumbered",
         action="store_true",
-        help="don't include ambiguously copyright encumbered fields (eg, abstract, body)")
-    parser.add_argument("teifiles", nargs='+')
+        help="don't include ambiguously copyright encumbered fields (eg, abstract, body)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("teifiles", nargs="+")
 
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
     for filename in args.teifiles:
-        content = open(filename, 'r')
-        print(json.dumps(
-            teixml2json(content,
-               encumbered=(not args.no_encumbered)),
-            sort_keys=True))
+        content = open(filename, "r")
+        print(
+            json.dumps(
+                teixml2json(content, encumbered=(not args.no_encumbered)),
+                sort_keys=True,
+            )
+        )
+
 
-if __name__=='__main__':   # pragma no cover
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma no cover
     main()
diff --git a/fatcat_scholar/hacks.py b/fatcat_scholar/hacks.py
index fc1dacd..710a25f 100644
--- a/fatcat_scholar/hacks.py
+++ b/fatcat_scholar/hacks.py
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-
 import typing
 import jinja2
 
 from starlette.background import BackgroundTask
 from starlette.templating import _TemplateResponse
 
+
 class Jinja2Templates:
     """
     This is a patched version of starlette.templating.Jinja2Templates that
@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@ class Jinja2Templates:
         assert jinja2 is not None, "jinja2 must be installed to use Jinja2Templates"
         self.env = self.get_env(directory, extensions)
 
-    def get_env(self, directory: str, extensions: typing.List[str] = []) -> "jinja2.Environment":
+    def get_env(
+        self, directory: str, extensions: typing.List[str] = []
+    ) -> "jinja2.Environment":
         @jinja2.contextfunction
         def url_for(context: dict, name: str, **path_params: typing.Any) -> str:
             request = context["request"]
diff --git a/fatcat_scholar/issue_db.py b/fatcat_scholar/issue_db.py
index 4f5ff53..12ffa32 100644
--- a/fatcat_scholar/issue_db.py
+++ b/fatcat_scholar/issue_db.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 import sys
 import json
 import sqlite3
@@ -9,6 +8,7 @@ import fatcat_openapi_client
 import elasticsearch
 from elasticsearch_dsl import Search, Q
 
+
 @dataclass
 class SimPubRow:
     sim_pubid: str
@@ -23,7 +23,17 @@ class SimPubRow:
     wikidata_qid: Optional[str]
 
     def tuple(self):
-        return (self.sim_pubid, self.pub_collection, self.title, self.issn, self.pub_type, self.publisher, self.container_issnl, self.container_ident, self.wikidata_qid)
+        return (
+            self.sim_pubid,
+            self.pub_collection,
+            self.title,
+            self.issn,
+            self.pub_type,
+            self.publisher,
+            self.container_issnl,
+            self.container_ident,
+            self.wikidata_qid,
+        )
 
     @classmethod
     def from_tuple(cls, row: Any) -> "SimPubRow":
@@ -39,6 +49,7 @@ class SimPubRow:
             wikidata_qid=row[8],
         )
 
+
 @dataclass
 class SimIssueRow:
     """
@@ -46,6 +57,7 @@ class SimIssueRow:
     - distinguish between release count that can do full link with pages, or
       just in this year/volume/issue?
     """
+
     issue_item: str
     sim_pubid: str
     year: Optional[int]
@@ -56,7 +68,16 @@ class SimIssueRow:
     release_count: Optional[int]
 
     def tuple(self):
-        return (self.issue_item, self.sim_pubid, self.year, self.volume, self.issue, self.first_page, self.last_page, self.release_count)
+        return (
+            self.issue_item,
+            self.sim_pubid,
+            self.year,
+            self.volume,
+            self.issue,
+            self.first_page,
+            self.last_page,
+            self.release_count,
+        )
 
     @classmethod
     def from_tuple(cls, row: Any) -> "SimIssueRow":
@@ -71,6 +92,7 @@ class SimIssueRow:
             release_count=row[7],
         )
 
+
 @dataclass
 class ReleaseCountsRow:
     sim_pubid: str
@@ -80,82 +102,100 @@ class ReleaseCountsRow:
     volume: Optional[str]
 
     def tuple(self):
-        return (self.sim_pubid, self.year, self.volume, self.year_in_sim, self.release_count)
+        return (
+            self.sim_pubid,
+            self.year,
+            self.volume,
+            self.year_in_sim,
+            self.release_count,
+        )
 
 
-def es_issue_count(es_client: Any, container_id: str, year: int, volume: str, issue: str) -> int:
+def es_issue_count(
+    es_client: Any, container_id: str, year: int, volume: str, issue: str
+) -> int:
     search = Search(using=es_client, index="fatcat_release")
-    search = search\
-        .filter("term", container_id=container_id)\
-        .filter("term", year=year)\
-        .filter("term", volume=volume)\
-        .filter("term", issue=issue)\
+    search = (
+        search.filter("term", container_id=container_id)
+        .filter("term", year=year)
+        .filter("term", volume=volume)
+        .filter("term", issue=issue)
         .extra(request_cache=True)
+    )
 
     return search.count()
 
+
 def es_container_aggs(es_client: Any, container_id: str) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
     """
     What is being returned is a list of dicts, each with year, volume, count
     keys.
     """
     search = Search(using=es_client, index="fatcat_release")
-    search = search\
-        .filter("term", container_id=container_id)
-    search.aggs\
-        .bucket('years', 'terms', field="year")\
-        .bucket('volumes', 'terms', field="volume")
+    search = search.filter("term", container_id=container_id)
+    search.aggs.bucket("years", "terms", field="year").bucket(
+        "volumes", "terms", field="volume"
+    )
     search = search[:0]
     res = search.execute()
     ret = []
     for year in res.aggregations.years.buckets:
         for volume in year.volumes.buckets:
             ret.append(dict(count=volume.doc_count, year=year.key, volume=volume.key))
-            #print(ret[-1])
+            # print(ret[-1])
     return ret
 
-class IssueDB():
 
+class IssueDB:
     def __init__(self, db_file):
         """
         To create a temporary database, pass ":memory:" as db_file
         """
-        self.db = sqlite3.connect(db_file, isolation_level='EXCLUSIVE')
+        self.db = sqlite3.connect(db_file, isolation_level="EXCLUSIVE")
         self._pubid2container_map: Dict[str, Optional[str]] = dict()
         self._container2pubid_map: Dict[str, Optional[str]] = dict()
 
     def init_db(self):
-        self.db.executescript("""
+        self.db.executescript(
+            """
             PRAGMA main.page_size = 4096;
             PRAGMA main.cache_size = 20000;
             PRAGMA main.locking_mode = EXCLUSIVE;
             PRAGMA main.synchronous = OFF;
-        """)
-        with open('schema/issue_db.sql', 'r') as fschema:
+        """
+        )
+        with open("schema/issue_db.sql", "r") as fschema:
             self.db.executescript(fschema.read())
 
     def insert_sim_pub(self, pub: SimPubRow, cur: Any = None) -> None:
         if not cur:
             cur = self.db.cursor()
-        cur.execute("INSERT OR REPLACE INTO sim_pub VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)",
-            pub.tuple())
+        cur.execute(
+            "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO sim_pub VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)", pub.tuple()
+        )
 
     def insert_sim_issue(self, issue: SimIssueRow, cur: Any = None) -> None:
         if not cur:
             cur = self.db.cursor()
-        cur.execute("INSERT OR REPLACE INTO sim_issue VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)",
-            issue.tuple())
+        cur.execute(
+            "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO sim_issue VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)", issue.tuple()
+        )
 
     def insert_release_counts(self, counts: ReleaseCountsRow, cur: Any = None) -> None:
         if not cur:
             cur = self.db.cursor()
-        cur.execute("INSERT OR REPLACE INTO release_counts VALUES (?,?,?,?,?)",
-            counts.tuple())
+        cur.execute(
+            "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO release_counts VALUES (?,?,?,?,?)", counts.tuple()
+        )
 
     def pubid2container(self, sim_pubid: str) -> Optional[str]:
         if sim_pubid in self._pubid2container_map:
             return self._pubid2container_map[sim_pubid]
-        row = list(self.db.execute("SELECT container_ident FROM sim_pub WHERE sim_pubid = ?;", [sim_pubid]))
+        row = list(
+            self.db.execute(
+                "SELECT container_ident FROM sim_pub WHERE sim_pubid = ?;", [sim_pubid]
+            )
+        )
         if row:
             self._pubid2container_map[sim_pubid] = row[0][0]
             return row[0][0]
@@ -166,7 +206,12 @@ class IssueDB():
     def container2pubid(self, container_ident: str) -> Optional[str]:
         if container_ident in self._container2pubid_map:
             return self._container2pubid_map[container_ident]
-        row = list(self.db.execute("SELECT sim_pubid FROM sim_pub WHERE container_ident = ?;", [container_ident]))
+        row = list(
+            self.db.execute(
+                "SELECT sim_pubid FROM sim_pub WHERE container_ident = ?;",
+                [container_ident],
+            )
+        )
         if row:
             self._container2pubid_map[container_ident] = row[0][0]
             return row[0][0]
@@ -174,14 +219,23 @@ class IssueDB():
             self._pubid2container_map[container_ident] = None
             return None
 
-    def lookup_issue(self, sim_pubid: str, volume: str, issue: str) -> Optional[SimIssueRow]:
-        row = list(self.db.execute("SELECT * FROM sim_issue WHERE sim_pubid = ? AND volume = ? AND issue = ?;", [sim_pubid, volume, issue]))
+    def lookup_issue(
+        self, sim_pubid: str, volume: str, issue: str
+    ) -> Optional[SimIssueRow]:
+        row = list(
+            self.db.execute(
+                "SELECT * FROM sim_issue WHERE sim_pubid = ? AND volume = ? AND issue = ?;",
+                [sim_pubid, volume, issue],
+            )
+        )
         if not row:
             return None
         return SimIssueRow.from_tuple(row[0])
 
     def lookup_pub(self, sim_pubid: str) -> Optional[SimPubRow]:
-        row = list(self.db.execute("SELECT * FROM sim_pub WHERE sim_pubid = ?;", [sim_pubid]))
+        row = list(
+            self.db.execute("SELECT * FROM sim_pub WHERE sim_pubid = ?;", [sim_pubid])
+        )
         if not row:
             return None
         return SimPubRow.from_tuple(row[0])
@@ -196,22 +250,22 @@ class IssueDB():
             if not line:
                 continue
             obj = json.loads(line)
-            meta = obj['metadata']
-            assert "periodicals" in meta['collection']
+            meta = obj["metadata"]
+            assert "periodicals" in meta["collection"]
             container: Optional[fatcat_openapi_client.ContainerEntity] = None
-            if meta.get('issn'):
+            if meta.get("issn"):
                 try:
-                    container = api.lookup_container(issnl=meta['issn'])
+                    container = api.lookup_container(issnl=meta["issn"])
                 except fatcat_openapi_client.ApiException as ae:
                     if ae.status != 404:
                         raise ae
             row = SimPubRow(
-                sim_pubid=meta['sim_pubid'],
-                pub_collection=meta['identifier'],
-                title=meta['title'],
-                issn=meta.get('issn'),
-                pub_type=meta.get('pub_type'),
-                publisher=meta.get('publisher'),
+                sim_pubid=meta["sim_pubid"],
+                pub_collection=meta["identifier"],
+                title=meta["title"],
+                issn=meta.get("issn"),
+                pub_type=meta.get("pub_type"),
+                publisher=meta.get("publisher"),
                 container_issnl=container and container.issnl,
                 container_ident=container and container.ident,
                 wikidata_qid=container and container.wikidata_qid,
@@ -230,28 +284,32 @@ class IssueDB():
             if not line:
                 continue
             obj = json.loads(line)
-            meta = obj['metadata']
-            assert "periodicals" in meta['collection']
-            #pub_collection = [c for c in meta['collection'] if c.startswith("pub_")][0]
-            issue_item = meta['identifier']
+            meta = obj["metadata"]
+            assert "periodicals" in meta["collection"]
+            # pub_collection = [c for c in meta['collection'] if c.startswith("pub_")][0]
+            issue_item = meta["identifier"]
 
             # don't index meta items
             # TODO: handle more weird suffixes like "1-2", "_part_1", "_index-contents"
             if issue_item.endswith("_index") or issue_item.endswith("_contents"):
                 continue
 
-            sim_pubid=meta['sim_pubid']
+            sim_pubid = meta["sim_pubid"]
 
             year: Optional[int] = None
-            if meta.get('date') and meta['date'][:4].isdigit():
-                year = int(meta['date'][:4])
-            volume = meta.get('volume')
-            issue = meta.get('issue')
+            if meta.get("date") and meta["date"][:4].isdigit():
+                year = int(meta["date"][:4])
+            volume = meta.get("volume")
+            issue = meta.get("issue")
 
             first_page: Optional[int] = None
             last_page: Optional[int] = None
-            if obj.get('page_numbers'):
-                pages = [p['pageNumber'] for p in obj['page_numbers']['pages'] if p['pageNumber']]
+            if obj.get("page_numbers"):
+                pages = [
+                    p["pageNumber"]
+                    for p in obj["page_numbers"]["pages"]
+                    if p["pageNumber"]
+                ]
                 pages = [int(p) for p in pages if p.isdigit()]
                 if len(pages):
                     first_page = min(pages)
@@ -261,7 +319,9 @@ class IssueDB():
             if year and volume and issue:
                 container_id = self.pubid2container(sim_pubid)
                 if container_id:
-                    release_count = es_issue_count(es_client, container_id, year, volume, issue)
+                    release_count = es_issue_count(
+                        es_client, container_id, year, volume, issue
+                    )
 
             row = SimIssueRow(
                 issue_item=issue_item,
@@ -278,17 +338,21 @@ class IssueDB():
         self.db.commit()
 
     def load_counts(self, es_client: Any):
-        all_pub_containers = list(self.db.execute('SELECT sim_pubid, container_ident FROM sim_pub WHERE container_ident IS NOT NULL;'))
+        all_pub_containers = list(
+            self.db.execute(
+                "SELECT sim_pubid, container_ident FROM sim_pub WHERE container_ident IS NOT NULL;"
+            )
+        )
         cur: Any = self.db.cursor()
         for (sim_pubid, container_ident) in all_pub_containers:
             aggs = es_container_aggs(es_client, container_ident)
             for agg in aggs:
                 row = ReleaseCountsRow(
                     sim_pubid=sim_pubid,
-                    year_in_sim=False, # TODO
-                    release_count=agg['count'],
-                    year=agg['year'],
-                    volume=agg['volume'],
+                    year_in_sim=False,  # TODO
+                    release_count=agg["count"],
+                    year=agg["year"],
+                    volume=agg["volume"],
                 )
                 self.insert_release_counts(row, cur)
         cur.close()
@@ -303,35 +367,48 @@ def main():
     """
 
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter)
+        formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter
+    )
     subparsers = parser.add_subparsers()
 
-    parser.add_argument("--db-file",
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--db-file",
         help="sqlite3 database file to open",
-        default='data/issue_db.sqlite',
-        type=str)
-
-    sub = subparsers.add_parser('init_db',
-        help="create sqlite3 output file and tables")
-    sub.set_defaults(func='init_db')
-
-    sub = subparsers.add_parser('load_pubs',
-        help="update container-level stats from JSON file")
-    sub.set_defaults(func='load_pubs')
-    sub.add_argument("json_file",
+        default="data/issue_db.sqlite",
+        type=str,
+    )
+
+    sub = subparsers.add_parser("init_db", help="create sqlite3 output file and tables")
+    sub.set_defaults(func="init_db")
+
+    sub = subparsers.add_parser(
+        "load_pubs", help="update container-level stats from JSON file"
+    )
+    sub.set_defaults(func="load_pubs")
+    sub.add_argument(
+        "json_file",
         help="collection-level metadata, as JSON-lines",
-        nargs='?', default=sys.stdin, type=argparse.FileType('r'))
-
-    sub = subparsers.add_parser('load_issues',
-        help="update item-level stats from JSON file")
-    sub.set_defaults(func='load_issues')
-    sub.add_argument("json_file",
+        nargs="?",
+        default=sys.stdin,
+        type=argparse.FileType("r"),
+    )
+
+    sub = subparsers.add_parser(
+        "load_issues", help="update item-level stats from JSON file"
+    )
+    sub.set_defaults(func="load_issues")
+    sub.add_argument(
+        "json_file",
         help="item-level metadata, as JSON-lines",
-        nargs='?', default=sys.stdin, type=argparse.FileType('r'))
+        nargs="?",
+        default=sys.stdin,
+        type=argparse.FileType("r"),
+    )
 
-    sub = subparsers.add_parser('load_counts',
-        help="update volume-level stats from elasticsearch endpoint")
-    sub.set_defaults(func='load_counts')
+    sub = subparsers.add_parser(
+        "load_counts", help="update volume-level stats from elasticsearch endpoint"
+    )
+    sub.set_defaults(func="load_counts")
 
     args = parser.parse_args()
     if not args.__dict__.get("func"):
@@ -342,15 +419,16 @@ def main():
     api = fatcat_openapi_client.DefaultApi(fatcat_openapi_client.ApiClient())
     es_client = elasticsearch.Elasticsearch("https://search.fatcat.wiki")
 
-    if args.func == 'load_pubs':
+    if args.func == "load_pubs":
         idb.load_pubs(args.json_file, api)
-    elif args.func == 'load_issues':
+    elif args.func == "load_issues":
         idb.load_issues(args.json_file, es_client)
-    elif args.func == 'load_counts':
+    elif args.func == "load_counts":
         idb.load_counts(es_client)
     else:
         func = getattr(idb, args.func)
         func()
 
-if __name__=="__main__":
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()
diff --git a/fatcat_scholar/sandcrawler.py b/fatcat_scholar/sandcrawler.py
index db6014f..408682f 100644
--- a/fatcat_scholar/sandcrawler.py
+++ b/fatcat_scholar/sandcrawler.py
@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
-
 import json
 import minio
 import requests
 from typing import Dict, Optional, Any
 
-class SandcrawlerPostgrestClient():
 
+class SandcrawlerPostgrestClient:
     def __init__(self, api_url: str):
         self.api_url = api_url
-        
+
     def get_grobid(self, sha1: str) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
-        resp = requests.get(self.api_url + "/grobid", params=dict(sha1hex='eq.'+sha1))
+        resp = requests.get(self.api_url + "/grobid", params=dict(sha1hex="eq." + sha1))
         resp.raise_for_status()
         resp_json = resp.json()
         if resp_json:
@@ -20,8 +19,13 @@ class SandcrawlerPostgrestClient():
 
 
 class SandcrawlerMinioClient(object):
-
-    def __init__(self, host_url: str, access_key: Optional[str] = None, secret_key: Optional[str] = None, default_bucket: Optional[str] = "sandcrawler"):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        host_url: str,
+        access_key: Optional[str] = None,
+        secret_key: Optional[str] = None,
+        default_bucket: Optional[str] = "sandcrawler",
+    ):
         """
         host is minio connection string (host:port)
         access and secret key are as expected
@@ -34,10 +38,7 @@ class SandcrawlerMinioClient(object):
             secret_key=os.environ['MINIO_SECRET_KEY'],
         """
         self.mc = minio.Minio(
-            host_url,
-            access_key=access_key,
-            secret_key=secret_key,
-            secure=False,
+            host_url, access_key=access_key, secret_key=secret_key, secure=False,
         )
         self.default_bucket = default_bucket
 
@@ -48,14 +49,9 @@ class SandcrawlerMinioClient(object):
             prefix = ""
         assert len(sha1hex) == 40
         obj_path = "{}{}/{}/{}/{}{}".format(
-            prefix,
-            folder, 
-            sha1hex[0:2],
-            sha1hex[2:4],
-            sha1hex,
-            extension,
+            prefix, folder, sha1hex[0:2], sha1hex[2:4], sha1hex, extension,
         )
-        return obj_path 
+        return obj_path
 
     def get_blob(self, folder, sha1hex, extension="", prefix="", bucket=None):
         """
@@ -67,9 +63,6 @@ class SandcrawlerMinioClient(object):
         if not bucket:
             bucket = self.default_bucket
         assert bucket
-        blob = self.mc.get_object(
-            bucket,
-            obj_path,
-        )
+        blob = self.mc.get_object(bucket, obj_path,)
         # TODO: optionally verify SHA-1?
         return blob.data
diff --git a/fatcat_scholar/schema.py b/fatcat_scholar/schema.py
index 10742fb..110991d 100644
--- a/fatcat_scholar/schema.py
+++ b/fatcat_scholar/schema.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 """
 Originally wrote these as dataclasses using pydantic.dataclasses, but we don't
 get serialization for free with those. This is useful for things like
@@ -22,6 +21,7 @@ class DocType(str, Enum):
     work = "work"
     sim_page = "sim_page"
 
+
 class IntermediateBundle(BaseModel):
     doc_type: DocType
     releases: List[ReleaseEntity]
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ class AccessType(str, Enum):
     loginwall = "loginwall"
     shadow = "shadow"
 
+
 class ScholarBiblio(BaseModel):
     release_ident: Optional[str]
     title: Optional[str]
@@ -60,12 +61,12 @@ class ScholarBiblio(BaseModel):
     lang_code: Optional[str]
     country_code: Optional[str]
     volume: Optional[str]
-    volume_int: Optional[str]   # TODO: needed?
+    volume_int: Optional[str]  # TODO: needed?
     issue: Optional[str]
-    issue_int: Optional[str]    # TODO: needed?
+    issue_int: Optional[str]  # TODO: needed?
     pages: Optional[str]
     first_page: Optional[str]
-    first_page_int: Optional[str] # TODO: needed?
+    first_page_int: Optional[str]  # TODO: needed?
     number: Optional[str]
 
     doi: Optional[str]
@@ -93,6 +94,7 @@ class ScholarBiblio(BaseModel):
     contrib_names: List[str]
     affiliations: List[str]
 
+
 class ScholarFulltext(BaseModel):
     lang_code: Optional[str]
     body: str
@@ -106,6 +108,7 @@ class ScholarFulltext(BaseModel):
     access_url: Optional[str]
     access_type: Optional[AccessType]
 
+
 class ScholarRelease(BaseModel):
     ident: Optional[str]
     revision: Optional[str]
@@ -133,16 +136,19 @@ class ScholarRelease(BaseModel):
     container_issnl: Optional[str]
     container_type: Optional[str]
 
+
 class ScholarSim(BaseModel):
     issue_item: str
     pub_collection: str
     sim_pubid: str
     first_page: Optional[str]
 
+
 class ScholarAbstract(BaseModel):
     body: str
     lang_code: Optional[str]
 
+
 class ScholarAccess(BaseModel):
     access_type: AccessType
     access_url: str
@@ -150,9 +156,10 @@ class ScholarAccess(BaseModel):
     file_ident: Optional[str]
     release_ident: Optional[str]
 
+
 class ScholarDoc(BaseModel):
     key: str
-    doc_type: str # enum: work or page
+    doc_type: str  # enum: work or page
     doc_index_ts: datetime.datetime
     work_ident: Optional[str]
     tags: List[str] = []
@@ -164,29 +171,33 @@ class ScholarDoc(BaseModel):
     releases: List[ScholarRelease]
     access: List[ScholarAccess]
 
+
 def doi_split_prefix(doi: str) -> str:
-    return doi.split('/')[0]
+    return doi.split("/")[0]
+
 
 def release_doi_registrar(release: ReleaseEntity) -> Optional[str]:
     if not release.ext_ids.doi or not release.extra:
         return None
-    for registrar in ('crossref', 'datacite', 'jalc'):
+    for registrar in ("crossref", "datacite", "jalc"):
         if registrar in release.extra:
             return registrar
     # TODO: should we default to Crossref?
     return None
 
+
 UNWANTED_ABSTRACT_PREFIXES = [
     # roughly sort this long to short
-    'Abstract No Abstract ',
-    'Publisher Summary ',
-    'Abstract ',
-    'ABSTRACT ',
-    'Summary ',
-    'Background: ',
-    'Background ',
+    "Abstract No Abstract ",
+    "Publisher Summary ",
+    "Abstract ",
+    "ABSTRACT ",
+    "Summary ",
+    "Background: ",
+    "Background ",
 ]
 
+
 def scrub_text(raw: str, mimetype: str = None) -> str:
     """
     This function takes a mimetype-hinted string and tries to reduce it to a
@@ -201,25 +212,26 @@ def scrub_text(raw: str, mimetype: str = None) -> str:
     text = ftfy.fix_text(raw)
 
     # remove HTML
-    text = BeautifulSoup(text, 'html.parser').get_text()
+    text = BeautifulSoup(text, "html.parser").get_text()
 
     # TODO: for performance, compile these as globals?
     # Three regexes below adapted from Blendle cleaner.py
     # https://github.com/blendle/research-summarization/blob/master/enrichers/cleaner.py#L29
-    text = re.sub(r'…', '...', text)
-    text = re.sub(r'[`‘’‛⸂⸃⸌⸍⸜⸝]', "'", text)
-    text = re.sub(r'[„“]|(\'\')|(,,)', '"', text)
-    text = re.sub(r'\s+', ' ', text).strip()
+    text = re.sub(r"…", "...", text)
+    text = re.sub(r"[`‘’‛⸂⸃⸌⸍⸜⸝]", "'", text)
+    text = re.sub(r"[„“]|(\'\')|(,,)", '"', text)
+    text = re.sub(r"\s+", " ", text).strip()
 
     # hack to remove abstract prefixes
     for prefix in UNWANTED_ABSTRACT_PREFIXES:
         if text.startswith(prefix):
-            text = text[len(prefix):]
+            text = text[len(prefix) :]
             break
 
     assert text, "Empty abstract"
     return text
 
+
 def contrib_name(contrib: ReleaseContrib) -> str:
     # TODO: support more cultural normals for name presentation
     if contrib.raw_name:
@@ -231,36 +243,45 @@ def contrib_name(contrib: ReleaseContrib) -> str:
     else:
         return contrib.given_name
 
+
 def contrib_affiliation(contrib: ReleaseContrib) -> Optional[str]:
     # TODO
     return None
 
+
 def es_abstracts_from_release(release: ReleaseEntity) -> List[ScholarAbstract]:
 
     d = dict()
     for abst in release.abstracts:
         if not abst.lang in d:
-            d[abst.lang] = ScholarAbstract(lang_code=abst.lang, body=scrub_text(abst.content))
+            d[abst.lang] = ScholarAbstract(
+                lang_code=abst.lang, body=scrub_text(abst.content)
+            )
     return list(d.values())
 
+
 def es_biblio_from_release(release: ReleaseEntity) -> ScholarBiblio:
 
     if release.container:
         publisher = release.publisher
         container_name = release.container.name
-        container_original_name = release.container.extra and release.container.extra.get('original_name')
+        container_original_name = (
+            release.container.extra and release.container.extra.get("original_name")
+        )
         container_ident = release.container.ident
         container_type = release.container.container_type
         container_issnl = release.container.issnl
-        issns = [container_issnl,]
-        if release.extra.get('issne'):
-            issns.append(release.extra['issne'])
-        if release.extra.get('issnp'):
-            issns.append(release.extra['issnp'])
+        issns = [
+            container_issnl,
+        ]
+        if release.extra.get("issne"):
+            issns.append(release.extra["issne"])
+        if release.extra.get("issnp"):
+            issns.append(release.extra["issnp"])
         issns = list(set(issns))
     else:
-        publisher = release.extra.get('publisher')
-        container_name = release.extra.get('container_name')
+        publisher = release.extra.get("publisher")
+        container_name = release.extra.get("container_name")
         container_original_name = None
         container_ident = None
         container_type = None
@@ -269,7 +290,7 @@ def es_biblio_from_release(release: ReleaseEntity) -> ScholarBiblio:
 
     first_page: Optional[str] = None
     if release.pages:
-        first_page = release.pages.split('-')[0]
+        first_page = release.pages.split("-")[0]
     first_page_int: Optional[int] = None
     if first_page and first_page.isdigit():
         first_page_int = int(first_page)
@@ -285,7 +306,7 @@ def es_biblio_from_release(release: ReleaseEntity) -> ScholarBiblio:
         release_stage=release.release_stage,
         withdrawn_status=release.withdrawn_status,
         lang_code=release.language,
-        country_code=release.extra and release.extra.get('country'),
+        country_code=release.extra and release.extra.get("country"),
         volume=release.volume,
         volume_int=None,
         issue=release.issue,
@@ -294,7 +315,6 @@ def es_biblio_from_release(release: ReleaseEntity) -> ScholarBiblio:
         first_page=first_page,
         first_page_int=None,
         number=release.number,
-
         doi=release.ext_ids.doi,
         doi_prefix=release.ext_ids.doi and doi_split_prefix(release.ext_ids.doi),
         doi_registrar=release_doi_registrar(release),
@@ -305,7 +325,6 @@ def es_biblio_from_release(release: ReleaseEntity) -> ScholarBiblio:
         arxiv_id=release.ext_ids.arxiv,
         jstor_id=release.ext_ids.jstor,
         mag_id=release.ext_ids.mag,
-
         license_slug=release.license_slug,
         publisher=publisher,
         container_name=container_name,
@@ -314,14 +333,21 @@ def es_biblio_from_release(release: ReleaseEntity) -> ScholarBiblio:
         container_type=container_type,
         container_issnl=container_issnl,
         issns=issns,
-
         # TODO; these filters sort of meh. refactor to be above?
-        contrib_names=list(filter(lambda x: bool(x), [contrib_name(c) for c in release.contribs])),
-        contrib_count = len([c for c in release.contribs if c.index]),
-        affiliations=list(filter(lambda x: bool(x), [contrib_affiliation(c) for c in release.contribs if c.index])),
+        contrib_names=list(
+            filter(lambda x: bool(x), [contrib_name(c) for c in release.contribs])
+        ),
+        contrib_count=len([c for c in release.contribs if c.index]),
+        affiliations=list(
+            filter(
+                lambda x: bool(x),
+                [contrib_affiliation(c) for c in release.contribs if c.index],
+            )
+        ),
     )
     return ret
 
+
 def es_release_from_release(release: ReleaseEntity) -> ScholarRelease:
 
     if release.container:
@@ -330,7 +356,7 @@ def es_release_from_release(release: ReleaseEntity) -> ScholarRelease:
         container_issnl = release.container.issnl
         container_type = release.container.container_type
     else:
-        container_name = release.extra.get('container_name')
+        container_name = release.extra.get("container_name")
         container_ident = None
         container_issnl = None
         container_type = None
diff --git a/fatcat_scholar/search.py b/fatcat_scholar/search.py
index d29e03b..5a61f53 100644
--- a/fatcat_scholar/search.py
+++ b/fatcat_scholar/search.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 """
 Helpers to make elasticsearch queries.
 """
@@ -17,6 +16,7 @@ from typing import List, Dict, Tuple, Optional, Any, Sequence
 # i18n note: the use of gettext below doesn't actually do the translation here,
 # it just ensures that the strings are caught by babel for translation later
 
+
 class FulltextQuery(BaseModel):
     q: Optional[str] = None
     limit: Optional[int] = None
@@ -76,31 +76,42 @@ class FulltextHits(BaseModel):
     offset: int
     limit: int
     deep_page_limit: int
-    query_time_ms: int 
+    query_time_ms: int
     results: List[Any]
 
 
-def do_fulltext_search(query: FulltextQuery, deep_page_limit: int = 2000) -> FulltextHits:
+def do_fulltext_search(
+    query: FulltextQuery, deep_page_limit: int = 2000
+) -> FulltextHits:
 
     es_client = elasticsearch.Elasticsearch(settings.ELASTICSEARCH_BACKEND)
     search = Search(using=es_client, index=settings.ELASTICSEARCH_FULLTEXT_INDEX)
 
     # Convert raw DOIs to DOI queries
-    if query.q and len(query.q.split()) == 1 and query.q.startswith("10.") and query.q.count("/") >= 1:
+    if (
+        query.q
+        and len(query.q.split()) == 1
+        and query.q.startswith("10.")
+        and query.q.count("/") >= 1
+    ):
         search = search.filter("terms", doi=query.q)
         query.q = "*"
 
     # type filters
     if query.filter_type == "papers":
-        search = search.filter("terms", type=[ "article-journal", "paper-conference", "chapter", ])
+        search = search.filter(
+            "terms", type=["article-journal", "paper-conference", "chapter",]
+        )
     elif query.filter_type == "reports":
-        search = search.filter("terms", type=[ "report", "standard", ])
+        search = search.filter("terms", type=["report", "standard",])
     elif query.filter_type == "datasets":
-        search = search.filter("terms", type=[ "dataset", "software", ])
+        search = search.filter("terms", type=["dataset", "software",])
     elif query.filter_type == "everything" or query.filter_type == None:
         pass
     else:
-        raise ValueError(f"Unknown 'filter_type' parameter value: '{query.filter_type}'")
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Unknown 'filter_type' parameter value: '{query.filter_type}'"
+        )
 
     # time filters
     if query.filter_time == "past_week":
@@ -111,7 +122,9 @@ def do_fulltext_search(query: FulltextQuery, deep_page_limit: int = 2000) -> Ful
         # the later to catch papers which don't have release_date defined
         year_ago_date = str(datetime.date.today() - datetime.timedelta(days=365))
         this_year = datetime.date.today().year
-        search = search.filter(Q("range", date=dict(gte=year_ago_date)) | Q("term", year=this_year))
+        search = search.filter(
+            Q("range", date=dict(gte=year_ago_date)) | Q("term", year=this_year)
+        )
     elif query.filter_time == "since_2000":
         search = search.filter("range", year=dict(gte=2000))
     elif query.filter_time == "before_1925":
@@ -119,7 +132,9 @@ def do_fulltext_search(query: FulltextQuery, deep_page_limit: int = 2000) -> Ful
     elif query.filter_time == "all_time" or query.filter_time == None:
         pass
     else:
-        raise ValueError(f"Unknown 'filter_time' parameter value: '{query.filter_time}'")
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Unknown 'filter_time' parameter value: '{query.filter_time}'"
+        )
 
     # availability filters
     if query.filter_availability == "oa":
@@ -129,13 +144,15 @@ def do_fulltext_search(query: FulltextQuery, deep_page_limit: int = 2000) -> Ful
     elif query.filter_availability == "fulltext" or query.filter_availability == None:
         search = search.filter("terms", access_type=["wayback", "ia_file", "ia_sim"])
     else:
-        raise ValueError(f"Unknown 'filter_availability' parameter value: '{query.filter_availability}'")
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Unknown 'filter_availability' parameter value: '{query.filter_availability}'"
+        )
 
     # we combined several queries to improve scoring.
 
     # this query use the fancy built-in query string parser
     basic_fulltext = Q(
-        'query_string',
+        "query_string",
         query=query.q,
         default_operator="AND",
         analyze_wildcard=True,
@@ -150,12 +167,9 @@ def do_fulltext_search(query: FulltextQuery, deep_page_limit: int = 2000) -> Ful
             "everything",
         ],
     )
-    has_fulltext = Q(
-        'terms',
-        access_type=["ia_sim", "ia_file", "wayback"],
-    )
+    has_fulltext = Q("terms", access_type=["ia_sim", "ia_file", "wayback"],)
     poor_metadata = Q(
-        'bool',
+        "bool",
         should=[
             # if these fields aren't set, metadata is poor. The more that do
             # not exist, the stronger the signal.
@@ -168,11 +182,7 @@ def do_fulltext_search(query: FulltextQuery, deep_page_limit: int = 2000) -> Ful
 
     search = search.query(
         "boosting",
-        positive=Q(
-            "bool",
-            must=basic_fulltext,
-            should=[has_fulltext],
-        ),
+        positive=Q("bool", must=basic_fulltext, should=[has_fulltext],),
         negative=poor_metadata,
         negative_boost=0.5,
     )
@@ -201,15 +211,15 @@ def do_fulltext_search(query: FulltextQuery, deep_page_limit: int = 2000) -> Ful
         # Avoid deep paging problem.
         offset = deep_page_limit
 
-    search = search[offset:offset+limit]
+    search = search[offset : offset + limit]
 
     try:
         resp = search.execute()
     except elasticsearch.exceptions.RequestError as e:
         # this is a "user" error
         print("elasticsearch 400: " + str(e.info), file=sys.stderr)
-        if e.info.get('error', {}).get('root_cause', {}):
-            raise ValueError(str(e.info['error']['root_cause'][0].get('reason')))
+        if e.info.get("error", {}).get("root_cause", {}):
+            raise ValueError(str(e.info["error"]["root_cause"][0].get("reason")))
         else:
             raise ValueError(str(e.info))
     except elasticsearch.exceptions.TransportError as e:
@@ -221,12 +231,12 @@ def do_fulltext_search(query: FulltextQuery, deep_page_limit: int = 2000) -> Ful
     results = []
     for h in resp:
         r = h._d_
-        #print(json.dumps(h.meta._d_, indent=2))
-        r['_highlights'] = []
-        if 'highlight' in dir(h.meta):
+        # print(json.dumps(h.meta._d_, indent=2))
+        r["_highlights"] = []
+        if "highlight" in dir(h.meta):
             highlights = h.meta.highlight._d_
             for k in highlights:
-                r['_highlights'] += highlights[k]
+                r["_highlights"] += highlights[k]
         results.append(r)
 
     for h in results:
@@ -235,7 +245,7 @@ def do_fulltext_search(query: FulltextQuery, deep_page_limit: int = 2000) -> Ful
         # "Crimes against Unicode"; production workaround
         for key in h:
             if type(h[key]) is str:
-                h[key] = h[key].encode('utf8', 'ignore').decode('utf8')
+                h[key] = h[key].encode("utf8", "ignore").decode("utf8")
 
     return FulltextHits(
         count_returned=len(results),
diff --git a/fatcat_scholar/sim_pipeline.py b/fatcat_scholar/sim_pipeline.py
index 6b52535..b84ac47 100644
--- a/fatcat_scholar/sim_pipeline.py
+++ b/fatcat_scholar/sim_pipeline.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 import os
 import io
 import sys
@@ -12,9 +11,17 @@ import internetarchive
 
 from fatcat_scholar.api_entities import *
 from fatcat_scholar.djvu import djvu_extract_leaf_texts
-from fatcat_scholar.sandcrawler import SandcrawlerPostgrestClient, SandcrawlerMinioClient
+from fatcat_scholar.sandcrawler import (
+    SandcrawlerPostgrestClient,
+    SandcrawlerMinioClient,
+)
 from fatcat_scholar.issue_db import IssueDB, SimIssueRow
-from fatcat_scholar.schema import es_biblio_from_release, es_release_from_release, DocType, IntermediateBundle
+from fatcat_scholar.schema import (
+    es_biblio_from_release,
+    es_release_from_release,
+    DocType,
+    IntermediateBundle,
+)
 
 
 def truncate_pub_meta(full: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
@@ -23,26 +30,27 @@ def truncate_pub_meta(full: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
     collection, and simplifies it by removing fields. Motivation is to make
     intermediate bundle files smaller.
     """
-    full.pop('files')
-    if 'ulrichs' in full and full['ulrichs']:
-        full['ulrichs'][0].pop('reviews_mfl')
-        full['ulrichs'][0].pop('editorial_description')
+    full.pop("files")
+    if "ulrichs" in full and full["ulrichs"]:
+        full["ulrichs"][0].pop("reviews_mfl")
+        full["ulrichs"][0].pop("editorial_description")
 
         # these are interesting, but just too long
-        full['ulrichs'][0].pop('online_availability_full_text')
-        full['ulrichs'][0].pop('abstracting_indexing')
-        full['ulrichs'][0].pop('publisher_and_ordering_details')
+        full["ulrichs"][0].pop("online_availability_full_text")
+        full["ulrichs"][0].pop("abstracting_indexing")
+        full["ulrichs"][0].pop("publisher_and_ordering_details")
     return full
 
+
 def truncate_issue_meta(full: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
     """
     Same as truncate_pub_meta() but for issue item metadata
     """
-    full.pop('files')
+    full.pop("files")
     return full
 
-class SimPipeline():
 
+class SimPipeline:
     def __init__(self, issue_db: IssueDB):
         self.issue_db: IssueDB = issue_db
         self.ia_client = internetarchive.get_session()
@@ -60,44 +68,50 @@ class SimPipeline():
         issue_item_metadata
         """
         # fetch full metadata from API
-        issue_meta = self.ia_client.get_metadata(issue_db_row['issue_item'])
-        pub_meta = self.ia_client.get_metadata(issue_db_row['pub_collection'])
+        issue_meta = self.ia_client.get_metadata(issue_db_row["issue_item"])
+        pub_meta = self.ia_client.get_metadata(issue_db_row["pub_collection"])
 
         leaf_index = dict()
         leaf_list = []
-        if not 'page_numbers' in issue_meta:
+        if not "page_numbers" in issue_meta:
             # TODO: warn
             return None
-        for entry in issue_meta['page_numbers'].get('pages', []):
-            page_num = entry['pageNumber']
-            leaf_index[entry['leafNum']] = page_num
+        for entry in issue_meta["page_numbers"].get("pages", []):
+            page_num = entry["pageNumber"]
+            leaf_index[entry["leafNum"]] = page_num
             if not (page_num and page_num.isdigit()):
                 continue
             page_num = int(page_num)
-            leaf_list.append(entry['leafNum'])
+            leaf_list.append(entry["leafNum"])
 
         if not leaf_list:
             return None
 
         page_texts: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []
-        issue_item = self.ia_client.get_item(issue_db_row['issue_item'])
-        issue_item_djvu = issue_item.get_file(issue_db_row['issue_item'] + "_djvu.xml")
+        issue_item = self.ia_client.get_item(issue_db_row["issue_item"])
+        issue_item_djvu = issue_item.get_file(issue_db_row["issue_item"] + "_djvu.xml")
 
         # override 'close()' method so we can still read out contents
         djvu_bytes = io.BytesIO()
-        djvu_bytes.close = lambda: None     # type: ignore
+        djvu_bytes.close = lambda: None  # type: ignore
         assert issue_item_djvu.download(fileobj=djvu_bytes) == True
         djvu_bytes.seek(0)
         djvu_xml = io.StringIO(djvu_bytes.read().decode("UTF-8"))
-        del(djvu_bytes)
+        del djvu_bytes
 
         leaf_dict = djvu_extract_leaf_texts(djvu_xml)
 
         for leaf_num, raw_text in leaf_dict.items():
-            page_texts.append(dict(page_num=leaf_index.get(leaf_num), leaf_num=leaf_num, raw_text=raw_text))
+            page_texts.append(
+                dict(
+                    page_num=leaf_index.get(leaf_num),
+                    leaf_num=leaf_num,
+                    raw_text=raw_text,
+                )
+            )
 
         return dict(
-            issue_item=issue_db_row['issue_item'],
+            issue_item=issue_db_row["issue_item"],
             pages=None,
             page_texts=page_texts,
             release_ident=None,
@@ -109,10 +123,14 @@ class SimPipeline():
         count = 0
         self.issue_db.db.row_factory = sqlite3.Row
         cur = self.issue_db.db.cursor()
-        for row in cur.execute('SELECT * FROM sim_issue LEFT JOIN sim_pub ON sim_issue.sim_pubid = sim_pub.sim_pubid WHERE sim_issue.release_count < 3'):
+        for row in cur.execute(
+            "SELECT * FROM sim_issue LEFT JOIN sim_pub ON sim_issue.sim_pubid = sim_pub.sim_pubid WHERE sim_issue.release_count < 3"
+        ):
             # filter out "contents" and "index" items
             # TODO: more filters; also redundant with IssueDB code?
-            if row['issue_item'].endswith('_contents') or row['issue_item'].endswith('_index'):
+            if row["issue_item"].endswith("_contents") or row["issue_item"].endswith(
+                "_index"
+            ):
                 continue
             try:
                 full_issue = self.fetch_sim_issue(row)
@@ -124,7 +142,7 @@ class SimPipeline():
                 continue
             if not full_issue:
                 continue
-            for leaf in full_issue['page_texts']:
+            for leaf in full_issue["page_texts"]:
                 bundle = IntermediateBundle(
                     doc_type=DocType.sim_page,
                     releases=[],
@@ -132,13 +150,13 @@ class SimPipeline():
                     grobid_fulltext=None,
                     pdftotext_fulltext=None,
                     sim_fulltext=dict(
-                        issue_item=full_issue['issue_item'],
-                        pages=str(leaf['page_num']),
+                        issue_item=full_issue["issue_item"],
+                        pages=str(leaf["page_num"]),
                         page_texts=[leaf],
                         release_ident=None,
-                        pub_item_metadata=full_issue['pub_item_metadata'],
-                        issue_item_metadata=full_issue['issue_item_metadata'],
-                    )
+                        pub_item_metadata=full_issue["pub_item_metadata"],
+                        issue_item_metadata=full_issue["issue_item_metadata"],
+                    ),
                 )
                 print(bundle.json())
                 count += 1
@@ -147,6 +165,7 @@ class SimPipeline():
             if limit is not None and count >= limit:
                 break
 
+
 def main():
     """
     Run this command like:
@@ -155,20 +174,20 @@ def main():
     """
 
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter)
+        formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter
+    )
     subparsers = parser.add_subparsers()
 
-    parser.add_argument("--issue-db-file",
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--issue-db-file",
         help="sqlite3 database file to open",
-        default='data/issue_db.sqlite',
-        type=str)
+        default="data/issue_db.sqlite",
+        type=str,
+    )
 
-    sub = subparsers.add_parser('run_issue_db',
-        help="iterates through entire IssueDB")
-    sub.set_defaults(func='run_issue_db')
-    sub.add_argument("--limit",
-        help="maximum number of pages to index",
-        type=int)
+    sub = subparsers.add_parser("run_issue_db", help="iterates through entire IssueDB")
+    sub.set_defaults(func="run_issue_db")
+    sub.add_argument("--limit", help="maximum number of pages to index", type=int)
 
     args = parser.parse_args()
     if not args.__dict__.get("func"):
@@ -177,11 +196,12 @@ def main():
 
     sp = SimPipeline(issue_db=IssueDB(args.issue_db_file))
 
-    if args.func == 'run_issue_db':
+    if args.func == "run_issue_db":
         sp.run_issue_db(limit=args.limit)
     else:
         func = getattr(sp, args.func)
         func()
 
-if __name__=="__main__":
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()
diff --git a/fatcat_scholar/transform.py b/fatcat_scholar/transform.py
index 953ebff..b5a0223 100644
--- a/fatcat_scholar/transform.py
+++ b/fatcat_scholar/transform.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 import os
 import io
 import sys
@@ -10,83 +9,89 @@ import internetarchive
 
 from fatcat_scholar.api_entities import *
 from fatcat_scholar.djvu import djvu_extract_leaf_texts
-from fatcat_scholar.sandcrawler import SandcrawlerPostgrestClient, SandcrawlerMinioClient
+from fatcat_scholar.sandcrawler import (
+    SandcrawlerPostgrestClient,
+    SandcrawlerMinioClient,
+)
 from fatcat_scholar.issue_db import IssueDB, SimIssueRow
 from fatcat_scholar.schema import *
 from fatcat_scholar.grobid2json import teixml2json
 
 
 def es_fulltext_from_sim(sim: Dict[str, Any]) -> Optional[ScholarFulltext]:
-    if not sim['page_texts']:
+    if not sim["page_texts"]:
         return None
-    first_page = sim['page_texts'][0]['page_num']
-    issue_item = sim['issue_item']
+    first_page = sim["page_texts"][0]["page_num"]
+    issue_item = sim["issue_item"]
     return ScholarFulltext(
-        lang_code=None, # TODO: pub/issue metadata? or langdetect?
-        body="\n".join([p['raw_text'] for p in sim['page_texts']]),
-        #acknowledgement=None,
-        #annex=None,
-        release_ident=sim.get('release_ident'),
-        #file_ident=None,
-        #file_sha1=None,
-        #file_mimetype=None,
+        lang_code=None,  # TODO: pub/issue metadata? or langdetect?
+        body="\n".join([p["raw_text"] for p in sim["page_texts"]]),
+        # acknowledgement=None,
+        # annex=None,
+        release_ident=sim.get("release_ident"),
+        # file_ident=None,
+        # file_sha1=None,
+        # file_mimetype=None,
         thumbnail_url=f"https://archive.org/serve/{issue_item}/__ia_thumb.jpg",
         access_url=f"https://archive.org/details/{issue_item}/page/{first_page}",
         access_type=AccessType.ia_sim,
     )
 
+
 def es_sim_from_sim(sim: Dict[str, Any]) -> ScholarSim:
     first_page = None
-    if sim['page_texts']:
-        first_page = sim['page_texts'][0]['page_num']
+    if sim["page_texts"]:
+        first_page = sim["page_texts"][0]["page_num"]
     return ScholarSim(
-        issue_item=sim['issue_item'],
-        pub_collection=sim['pub_item_metadata']['metadata']['identifier'],
-        sim_pubid=sim['issue_item_metadata']['metadata']['sim_pubid'],
+        issue_item=sim["issue_item"],
+        pub_collection=sim["pub_item_metadata"]["metadata"]["identifier"],
+        sim_pubid=sim["issue_item_metadata"]["metadata"]["sim_pubid"],
         first_page=first_page,
     )
 
+
 SIM_RELEASE_TYPE_MAP = {
-    'Scholarly Journals': 'article-journal',
+    "Scholarly Journals": "article-journal",
     # TODO:
 }
 SIM_LANG_MAP = {
-    'English': 'en',
+    "English": "en",
     # TODO:
 }
 SIM_COUNTRY_MAP = {
-    'Netherlands': 'nl',
+    "Netherlands": "nl",
     # TODO:
 }
 
+
 def es_biblio_from_sim(sim: Dict[str, Any]) -> ScholarBiblio:
 
-    issue_meta = sim['issue_item_metadata']['metadata']
-    pub_meta = sim['pub_item_metadata']['metadata']
+    issue_meta = sim["issue_item_metadata"]["metadata"]
+    pub_meta = sim["pub_item_metadata"]["metadata"]
 
     first_page = None
-    if sim['page_texts']:
-        first_page = sim['page_texts'][0]['page_num']
-    container_name = sim['pub_item_metadata']['metadata']['title']
+    if sim["page_texts"]:
+        first_page = sim["page_texts"][0]["page_num"]
+    container_name = sim["pub_item_metadata"]["metadata"]["title"]
     last_word = container_name.split()[-1]
-    if len(last_word) == 9 and last_word[4] == '-':
+    if len(last_word) == 9 and last_word[4] == "-":
         container_name = container_name[:-10]
 
     issns = []
-    raw_issn = issue_meta.get('issn')
+    raw_issn = issue_meta.get("issn")
     if raw_issn and len(raw_issn) == 9:
         issns.append(raw_issn)
 
-    volume = issue_meta.get('volume')
+    volume = issue_meta.get("volume")
     volume_int = None
     if volume and volume.isdigit():
         volume_int = int(volume)
-    issue = issue_meta.get('issue')
+    issue = issue_meta.get("issue")
     issue_int = None
     if issue and issue.isdigit():
         issue_int = int(issue)
 
-    date = issue_meta.get('date')
+    date = issue_meta.get("date")
     release_year = None
     if date and len(date) > 4 and date[:4].isdigit():
         release_year = int(date[:4])
@@ -96,52 +101,52 @@ def es_biblio_from_sim(sim: Dict[str, Any]) -> ScholarBiblio:
         release_date = date
 
     return ScholarBiblio(
-        #release_ident=release.ident,
+        # release_ident=release.ident,
         title=None,
-        #subtitle=None,
-        #original_title=release.original_title,
+        # subtitle=None,
+        # original_title=release.original_title,
         release_date=release_date,
         release_year=release_year,
-        release_type=SIM_RELEASE_TYPE_MAP.get(pub_meta.get('pub_type')),
-        release_stage="published", # as a default
-        #withdrawn_status=release.withdrawn_status,
-        lang_code=SIM_LANG_MAP.get(pub_meta.get('language')),
-        country_code=SIM_COUNTRY_MAP.get(pub_meta.get('country')),
+        release_type=SIM_RELEASE_TYPE_MAP.get(pub_meta.get("pub_type")),
+        release_stage="published",  # as a default
+        # withdrawn_status=release.withdrawn_status,
+        lang_code=SIM_LANG_MAP.get(pub_meta.get("language")),
+        country_code=SIM_COUNTRY_MAP.get(pub_meta.get("country")),
         volume=volume,
         volume_int=volume_int,
         issue=issue,
         issue_int=issue_int,
-        pages=sim.get('pages'),
+        pages=sim.get("pages"),
         first_page=first_page,
         first_page_int=None,
-        #number=None,
-
+        # number=None,
         # no external identifiers
-
-        #license_slug=release.license_slug,
-        publisher=issue_meta.get('publisher'),
+        # license_slug=release.license_slug,
+        publisher=issue_meta.get("publisher"),
         container_name=container_name,
-        container_original_name=None, # TODO pass-through
-        container_ident=None, # TODO: pass-through
-        container_type=None, # TODO
-        container_issnl=None, # TODO: pass-through
+        container_original_name=None,  # TODO pass-through
+        container_ident=None,  # TODO: pass-through
+        container_type=None,  # TODO
+        container_issnl=None,  # TODO: pass-through
         issns=issns,
-
         # no contrib/affiliation info
         contrib_names=[],
         affiliations=[],
     )
 
-def _add_file_release_meta(fulltext: ScholarFulltext, re: ReleaseEntity, fe: FileEntity) -> ScholarFulltext:
+
+def _add_file_release_meta(
+    fulltext: ScholarFulltext, re: ReleaseEntity, fe: FileEntity
+) -> ScholarFulltext:
     best_url = None
     best_url_type = None
     for url in fe.urls:
         best_url = url.url
         best_url_type = AccessType.web
-        if '//archive.org/' in url.url:
+        if "//archive.org/" in url.url:
             best_url_type = AccessType.ia_file
             break
-        elif '//web.archive.org/' in url.url:
+        elif "//web.archive.org/" in url.url:
             best_url_type = AccessType.wayback
             break
         if url.rel == "repository":
@@ -157,30 +162,36 @@ def _add_file_release_meta(fulltext: ScholarFulltext, re: ReleaseEntity, fe: Fil
     return fulltext
 
 
-def es_fulltext_from_grobid(tei_xml: str, re: ReleaseEntity, fe: FileEntity) -> Optional[ScholarFulltext]:
+def es_fulltext_from_grobid(
+    tei_xml: str, re: ReleaseEntity, fe: FileEntity
+) -> Optional[ScholarFulltext]:
     obj = teixml2json(tei_xml)
-    if not obj.get('body'):
+    if not obj.get("body"):
         return None
     ret = ScholarFulltext(
-        lang_code=obj.get('lang'),
-        body=obj.get('body'),
-        acknowledgement=obj.get('acknowledgement'),
-        annex=obj.get('annex'),
-        thumbnail_url=None, # TODO: sandcrawler thumbnails
+        lang_code=obj.get("lang"),
+        body=obj.get("body"),
+        acknowledgement=obj.get("acknowledgement"),
+        annex=obj.get("annex"),
+        thumbnail_url=None,  # TODO: sandcrawler thumbnails
     )
     return _add_file_release_meta(ret, re, fe)
 
-def es_fulltext_from_pdftotext(pdftotext: Any, re: ReleaseEntity, fe: FileEntity) -> Optional[ScholarFulltext]:
+
+def es_fulltext_from_pdftotext(
+    pdftotext: Any, re: ReleaseEntity, fe: FileEntity
+) -> Optional[ScholarFulltext]:
 
     ret = ScholarFulltext(
         lang_code=re.language,
-        body=pdftotext['raw_text'],
+        body=pdftotext["raw_text"],
         acknowledgement=None,
         annex=None,
-        thumbnail_url=None, # TODO: sandcrawler thumbnails
+        thumbnail_url=None,  # TODO: sandcrawler thumbnails
     )
     return _add_file_release_meta(ret, re, fe)
 
+
 def transform_heavy(heavy: IntermediateBundle) -> Optional[ScholarDoc]:
 
     tags: List[str] = []
@@ -203,7 +214,9 @@ def transform_heavy(heavy: IntermediateBundle) -> Optional[ScholarDoc]:
         work_ident = heavy.releases[0].work_id
         key = f"work_{work_ident}"
         assert heavy.biblio_release_ident
-        primary_release = [r for r in heavy.releases if r.ident == heavy.biblio_release_ident][0]
+        primary_release = [
+            r for r in heavy.releases if r.ident == heavy.biblio_release_ident
+        ][0]
         biblio = es_biblio_from_release(primary_release)
 
         # TODO: abstracts from releases also; abstracts_dict; abstracts from GROBID parse
@@ -212,19 +225,44 @@ def transform_heavy(heavy: IntermediateBundle) -> Optional[ScholarDoc]:
         raise NotImplementedError(f"doc_type: {heavy.doc_type}")
 
     if heavy.grobid_fulltext:
-        fulltext_release = [r for r in heavy.releases if r.ident == heavy.grobid_fulltext['release_ident']][0]
-        fulltext_file = [f for f in fulltext_release.files if f.ident == heavy.grobid_fulltext['file_ident']][0]
-        fulltext = es_fulltext_from_grobid(heavy.grobid_fulltext['tei_xml'], fulltext_release, fulltext_file)
+        fulltext_release = [
+            r
+            for r in heavy.releases
+            if r.ident == heavy.grobid_fulltext["release_ident"]
+        ][0]
+        fulltext_file = [
+            f
+            for f in fulltext_release.files
+            if f.ident == heavy.grobid_fulltext["file_ident"]
+        ][0]
+        fulltext = es_fulltext_from_grobid(
+            heavy.grobid_fulltext["tei_xml"], fulltext_release, fulltext_file
+        )
 
         # hack to pull through thumbnail from local pdftotext
-        if fulltext and fulltext.file_sha1 and not fulltext.thumbnail_url and heavy.pdftotext_fulltext:
+        if (
+            fulltext
+            and fulltext.file_sha1
+            and not fulltext.thumbnail_url
+            and heavy.pdftotext_fulltext
+        ):
             # https://covid19.fatcat.wiki/fulltext_web/thumbnail/c9/c9e87f843b3cf7dc47881fa3d3ccb4693d7d9521.png
             fulltext.thumbnail_url = f"https://covid19.fatcat.wiki/fulltext_web/thumbnail/{fulltext.file_sha1[:2]}/{fulltext.file_sha1}.png"
 
     if not fulltext and heavy.pdftotext_fulltext:
-        fulltext_release = [r for r in heavy.releases if r.ident == heavy.pdftotext_fulltext['release_ident']][0]
-        fulltext_file = [f for f in fulltext_release.files if f.ident == heavy.pdftotext_fulltext['file_ident']][0]
-        fulltext = es_fulltext_from_pdftotext(heavy.pdftotext_fulltext, fulltext_release, fulltext_file)
+        fulltext_release = [
+            r
+            for r in heavy.releases
+            if r.ident == heavy.pdftotext_fulltext["release_ident"]
+        ][0]
+        fulltext_file = [
+            f
+            for f in fulltext_release.files
+            if f.ident == heavy.pdftotext_fulltext["file_ident"]
+        ][0]
+        fulltext = es_fulltext_from_pdftotext(
+            heavy.pdftotext_fulltext, fulltext_release, fulltext_file
+        )
 
     # TODO: additional access list
     access_dict = dict()
@@ -246,41 +284,41 @@ def transform_heavy(heavy: IntermediateBundle) -> Optional[ScholarDoc]:
 
     # tags
     if biblio.license_slug and biblio.license_slug.lower().startswith("cc-"):
-        tags.append('oa')
+        tags.append("oa")
     if primary_release and primary_release.container:
         container = primary_release.container
         if container.extra:
-            if container.extra.get('doaj'):
-                tags.append('doaj')
-                tags.append('oa')
-            if container.extra.get('road'):
-                tags.append('road')
-                tags.append('oa')
-            if container.extra.get('szczepanski'):
-                tags.append('szczepanski')
-                tags.append('oa')
-            if container.extra.get('ia', {}).get('longtail_oa'):
-                tags.append('longtail')
-                tags.append('oa')
-            if container.extra.get('sherpa_romeo', {}).get('color') == 'white':
-                tags.append('oa')
-            if container.extra.get('default_license', '').lower().startswith('cc-'):
-                tags.append('oa')
-            if container.extra.get('platform'):
+            if container.extra.get("doaj"):
+                tags.append("doaj")
+                tags.append("oa")
+            if container.extra.get("road"):
+                tags.append("road")
+                tags.append("oa")
+            if container.extra.get("szczepanski"):
+                tags.append("szczepanski")
+                tags.append("oa")
+            if container.extra.get("ia", {}).get("longtail_oa"):
+                tags.append("longtail")
+                tags.append("oa")
+            if container.extra.get("sherpa_romeo", {}).get("color") == "white":
+                tags.append("oa")
+            if container.extra.get("default_license", "").lower().startswith("cc-"):
+                tags.append("oa")
+            if container.extra.get("platform"):
                 # scielo, ojs, wordpress, etc
-                tags.append(container.extra['platform'].lower())
-    if biblio.doi_prefix == '10.2307':
-        tags.append('jstor')
+                tags.append(container.extra["platform"].lower())
+    if biblio.doi_prefix == "10.2307":
+        tags.append("jstor")
 
     # biorxiv/medrxiv hacks
     if not biblio.container_name and biblio.release_stage != "published":
         for _, acc in access_dict.items():
             if "://www.medrxiv.org/" in acc.access_url:
-                biblio.container_name = 'medRxiv'
+                biblio.container_name = "medRxiv"
                 if biblio.release_stage == None:
                     biblio.release_stage = "submitted"
             elif "://www.biorxiv.org/" in acc.access_url:
-                biblio.container_name = 'bioRxiv'
+                biblio.container_name = "bioRxiv"
                 if biblio.release_stage == None:
                     biblio.release_stage = "submitted"
     tags = list(set(tags))
@@ -291,7 +329,6 @@ def transform_heavy(heavy: IntermediateBundle) -> Optional[ScholarDoc]:
         doc_index_ts=datetime.datetime.utcnow(),
         work_ident=work_ident,
         tags=tags,
-
         biblio=biblio,
         fulltext=fulltext,
         ia_sim=ia_sim,
@@ -300,23 +337,28 @@ def transform_heavy(heavy: IntermediateBundle) -> Optional[ScholarDoc]:
         access=list(access_dict.values()),
     )
 
+
 def run_transform(infile):
     for line in infile:
         obj = json.loads(line)
 
         heavy = IntermediateBundle(
-            doc_type=DocType(obj['doc_type']),
-            releases=[entity_from_json(json.dumps(re), ReleaseEntity) for re in obj['releases']],
-            biblio_release_ident=obj.get('biblio_release_ident'),
-            grobid_fulltext=obj.get('grobid_fulltext'),
-            pdftotext_fulltext=obj.get('pdftotext_fulltext'),
-            sim_fulltext=obj.get('sim_fulltext'),
+            doc_type=DocType(obj["doc_type"]),
+            releases=[
+                entity_from_json(json.dumps(re), ReleaseEntity)
+                for re in obj["releases"]
+            ],
+            biblio_release_ident=obj.get("biblio_release_ident"),
+            grobid_fulltext=obj.get("grobid_fulltext"),
+            pdftotext_fulltext=obj.get("pdftotext_fulltext"),
+            sim_fulltext=obj.get("sim_fulltext"),
         )
         es_doc = transform_heavy(heavy)
         if not es_doc:
             continue
         print(es_doc.json())
 
+
 def main():
     """
     Run this command like:
@@ -325,25 +367,32 @@ def main():
     """
 
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter)
+        formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter
+    )
     subparsers = parser.add_subparsers()
 
-    sub = subparsers.add_parser('run_transform',
-        help="iterates through 'heavy' intermediate")
-    sub.set_defaults(func='run_transform')
-    sub.add_argument("json_file",
+    sub = subparsers.add_parser(
+        "run_transform", help="iterates through 'heavy' intermediate"
+    )
+    sub.set_defaults(func="run_transform")
+    sub.add_argument(
+        "json_file",
         help="intermediate globs as JSON-lines",
-        nargs='?', default=sys.stdin, type=argparse.FileType('r'))
+        nargs="?",
+        default=sys.stdin,
+        type=argparse.FileType("r"),
+    )
 
     args = parser.parse_args()
     if not args.__dict__.get("func"):
         print("tell me what to do! (try --help)")
         sys.exit(-1)
 
-    if args.func == 'run_transform':
+    if args.func == "run_transform":
         run_transform(infile=args.json_file)
     else:
         raise NotImplementedError(args.func)
 
-if __name__=="__main__":
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()
diff --git a/fatcat_scholar/web.py b/fatcat_scholar/web.py
index 2fd8b24..6c8a2e9 100644
--- a/fatcat_scholar/web.py
+++ b/fatcat_scholar/web.py
@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@ from fatcat_scholar.search import do_fulltext_search, FulltextQuery, FulltextHit
 print(f"dynaconf settings: {settings.as_dict()}", file=sys.stderr)
 
 I18N_LANG_TRANSLATIONS = ["de", "zh"]
-I18N_LANG_OPTIONS = I18N_LANG_TRANSLATIONS + [settings.I18N_LANG_DEFAULT,]
+I18N_LANG_OPTIONS = I18N_LANG_TRANSLATIONS + [
+    settings.I18N_LANG_DEFAULT,
+]
 
 
 class LangPrefix:
@@ -32,14 +34,15 @@ class LangPrefix:
     """
 
     def __init__(self, request: Request):
-        self.prefix : str = ""
-        self.code : str = settings.I18N_LANG_DEFAULT
+        self.prefix: str = ""
+        self.code: str = settings.I18N_LANG_DEFAULT
         for lang_option in I18N_LANG_OPTIONS:
             if request.url.path.startswith(f"/{lang_option}/"):
                 self.prefix = f"/{lang_option}"
                 self.code = lang_option
                 break
 
+
 class ContentNegotiation:
     """
     Choses a mimetype to return based on Accept header.
@@ -49,31 +52,40 @@ class ContentNegotiation:
 
     def __init__(self, request: Request):
         self.mimetype = "text/html"
-        if request.headers.get('accept', '').startswith('application/json'):
+        if request.headers.get("accept", "").startswith("application/json"):
             self.mimetype = "application/json"
 
+
 api = APIRouter()
 
+
 @api.get("/", operation_id="get_home")
 async def home():
     return {"endpoints": {"/": "this", "/search": "fulltext search"}}
 
+
 @api.get("/search", operation_id="get_search")
 async def search(query: FulltextQuery = Depends(FulltextQuery)):
     return {"message": "search results would go here, I guess"}
 
+
 web = APIRouter()
 
+
 def locale_gettext(translations):
     def gt(s):
         return translations.ugettext(s)
+
     return gt
 
+
 def locale_ngettext(translations):
     def ngt(s, n):
         return translations.ungettext(s)
+
     return ngt
 
+
 def load_i18n_templates():
     """
     This is a hack to work around lack of per-request translation
@@ -90,53 +102,68 @@ def load_i18n_templates():
     d = dict()
     for lang_opt in I18N_LANG_OPTIONS:
         translations = babel.support.Translations.load(
-            dirname="fatcat_scholar/translations",
-            locales=[lang_opt],
+            dirname="fatcat_scholar/translations", locales=[lang_opt],
         )
         templates = Jinja2Templates(
-            directory="fatcat_scholar/templates",
-            extensions=["jinja2.ext.i18n"],
+            directory="fatcat_scholar/templates", extensions=["jinja2.ext.i18n"],
         )
         templates.env.install_gettext_translations(translations, newstyle=True)
         templates.env.install_gettext_callables(
-            locale_gettext(translations),
-            locale_ngettext(translations),
-            newstyle=True,
+            locale_gettext(translations), locale_ngettext(translations), newstyle=True,
         )
         # remove a lot of whitespace in HTML output with these configs
         templates.env.trim_blocks = True
         templates.env.istrip_blocks = True
         # pass-through application settings to be available in templates
-        templates.env.globals['settings'] = settings
+        templates.env.globals["settings"] = settings
         d[lang_opt] = templates
     return d
 
+
 i18n_templates = load_i18n_templates()
 
 
 @web.get("/", include_in_schema=False)
-async def web_home(request: Request, lang: LangPrefix = Depends(LangPrefix), content: ContentNegotiation = Depends(ContentNegotiation)):
+async def web_home(
+    request: Request,
+    lang: LangPrefix = Depends(LangPrefix),
+    content: ContentNegotiation = Depends(ContentNegotiation),
+):
     if content.mimetype == "application/json":
         return await home()
-    return i18n_templates[lang.code].TemplateResponse("home.html", {"request": request, "locale": lang.code, "lang_prefix": lang.prefix})
+    return i18n_templates[lang.code].TemplateResponse(
+        "home.html",
+        {"request": request, "locale": lang.code, "lang_prefix": lang.prefix},
+    )
 
 
 @web.get("/about", include_in_schema=False)
 async def web_about(request: Request, lang: LangPrefix = Depends(LangPrefix)):
-    return i18n_templates[lang.code].TemplateResponse("about.html", {"request": request, "locale": lang.code, "lang_prefix": lang.prefix})
+    return i18n_templates[lang.code].TemplateResponse(
+        "about.html",
+        {"request": request, "locale": lang.code, "lang_prefix": lang.prefix},
+    )
 
 
 @web.get("/help", include_in_schema=False)
 async def web_help(request: Request, lang: LangPrefix = Depends(LangPrefix)):
-    return i18n_templates[lang.code].TemplateResponse("help.html", {"request": request, "locale": lang.code, "lang_prefix": lang.prefix})
+    return i18n_templates[lang.code].TemplateResponse(
+        "help.html",
+        {"request": request, "locale": lang.code, "lang_prefix": lang.prefix},
+    )
 
 
 @web.get("/search", include_in_schema=False)
-async def web_search(request: Request, query: FulltextQuery = Depends(FulltextQuery), lang: LangPrefix = Depends(LangPrefix), content: ContentNegotiation = Depends(ContentNegotiation)):
+async def web_search(
+    request: Request,
+    query: FulltextQuery = Depends(FulltextQuery),
+    lang: LangPrefix = Depends(LangPrefix),
+    content: ContentNegotiation = Depends(ContentNegotiation),
+):
 
     if content.mimetype == "application/json":
         return await search(query)
-    hits : Optional[FulltextHits] = None
+    hits: Optional[FulltextHits] = None
     search_error: Optional[dict] = None
     status_code: int = 200
     if query.q is not None:
@@ -182,4 +209,3 @@ for lang_option in I18N_LANG_OPTIONS:
 app.include_router(api)
 
 app.mount("/static", StaticFiles(directory="fatcat_scholar/static"), name="static")
-
diff --git a/fatcat_scholar/work_pipeline.py b/fatcat_scholar/work_pipeline.py
index 46e40e1..af558a3 100644
--- a/fatcat_scholar/work_pipeline.py
+++ b/fatcat_scholar/work_pipeline.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 import os
 import io
 import sys
@@ -12,9 +11,17 @@ import internetarchive
 
 from fatcat_scholar.api_entities import *
 from fatcat_scholar.djvu import djvu_extract_leaf_texts
-from fatcat_scholar.sandcrawler import SandcrawlerPostgrestClient, SandcrawlerMinioClient
+from fatcat_scholar.sandcrawler import (
+    SandcrawlerPostgrestClient,
+    SandcrawlerMinioClient,
+)
 from fatcat_scholar.issue_db import IssueDB, SimIssueRow, SimPubRow
-from fatcat_scholar.schema import es_biblio_from_release, es_release_from_release, DocType, IntermediateBundle
+from fatcat_scholar.schema import (
+    es_biblio_from_release,
+    es_release_from_release,
+    DocType,
+    IntermediateBundle,
+)
 from fatcat_scholar.sim_pipeline import truncate_pub_meta, truncate_issue_meta
 
 
@@ -25,17 +32,18 @@ def parse_pages(raw: str) -> Tuple[Optional[int], Optional[int]]:
     first = int(first_raw)
     if not "-" in raw:
         return (first, first)
-    last_raw = raw.split('-')[-1]
+    last_raw = raw.split("-")[-1]
     if not last_raw.isdigit():
         return (first, first)
     last = int(last_raw)
     if last < first:
-        last_munge = first_raw[0:(len(first_raw)-len(last_raw))] + last_raw
+        last_munge = first_raw[0 : (len(first_raw) - len(last_raw))] + last_raw
         last = int(last_munge)
     if last < first:
         return (first, first)
     return (first, last)
 
+
 def test_parse_pages():
     assert parse_pages("479-89") == (479, 489)
     assert parse_pages("466-7") == (466, 467)
@@ -52,24 +60,33 @@ def fulltext_pref_list(releases: List[ReleaseEntity]) -> List[str]:
     Returns a list of release idents in preference order (best first) to
     try and find fulltext for.
     """
-    releases_sorted = sorted(releases, reverse=True, key=lambda r: (
-        r.release_stage=="updated",
-        r.release_stage=="published",
-        r.volume is not None,
-        r.container_id is not None,
-        r.ext_ids.pmid is not None,
-        r.release_stage=="submitted",
-        r.release_type is not None,
-        r.release_year,
-        r.release_date,
-        r.version,
-    ))
+    releases_sorted = sorted(
+        releases,
+        reverse=True,
+        key=lambda r: (
+            r.release_stage == "updated",
+            r.release_stage == "published",
+            r.volume is not None,
+            r.container_id is not None,
+            r.ext_ids.pmid is not None,
+            r.release_stage == "submitted",
+            r.release_type is not None,
+            r.release_year,
+            r.release_date,
+            r.version,
+        ),
+    )
     return [r.ident for r in releases_sorted]
 
 
-class WorkPipeline():
-
-    def __init__(self, issue_db: IssueDB, sandcrawler_db_client: SandcrawlerPostgrestClient, sandcrawler_s3_client: SandcrawlerMinioClient, fulltext_cache_dir=None):
+class WorkPipeline:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        issue_db: IssueDB,
+        sandcrawler_db_client: SandcrawlerPostgrestClient,
+        sandcrawler_s3_client: SandcrawlerMinioClient,
+        fulltext_cache_dir=None,
+    ):
         self.issue_db: IssueDB = issue_db
         self.ia_client = internetarchive.get_session()
         self.sandcrawler_db_client = sandcrawler_db_client
@@ -87,9 +104,9 @@ class WorkPipeline():
         if not fe.urls:
             return None
         grobid_meta = self.sandcrawler_db_client.get_grobid(fe.sha1)
-        if not grobid_meta or grobid_meta['status'] != 'success':
+        if not grobid_meta or grobid_meta["status"] != "success":
             return None
-        #print(grobid_meta)
+        # print(grobid_meta)
         try:
             grobid_xml = self.sandcrawler_s3_client.get_blob(
                 folder="grobid",
@@ -98,13 +115,11 @@ class WorkPipeline():
                 prefix="",
                 bucket="sandcrawler",
             )
-            #print(grobid_xml)
+            # print(grobid_xml)
         except minio.error.NoSuchKey:
             return None
         return dict(
-            tei_xml=grobid_xml,
-            release_ident=release_ident,
-            file_ident=fe.ident,
+            tei_xml=grobid_xml, release_ident=release_ident, file_ident=fe.ident,
         )
 
     def fetch_file_pdftotext(self, fe: FileEntity, release_ident: str) -> Optional[Any]:
@@ -115,14 +130,14 @@ class WorkPipeline():
         """
         # HACK: look for local pdftotext output
         if self.fulltext_cache_dir:
-            local_txt_path = f"{self.fulltext_cache_dir}/pdftotext/{fe.sha1[:2]}/{fe.sha1}.txt"
+            local_txt_path = (
+                f"{self.fulltext_cache_dir}/pdftotext/{fe.sha1[:2]}/{fe.sha1}.txt"
+            )
             try:
-                with open(local_txt_path, 'r') as txt_file:
+                with open(local_txt_path, "r") as txt_file:
                     raw_text = txt_file.read()
                 return dict(
-                    raw_text=raw_text,
-                    release_ident=release_ident,
-                    file_ident=fe.ident,
+                    raw_text=raw_text, release_ident=release_ident, file_ident=fe.ident,
                 )
             except FileNotFoundError:
                 pass
@@ -144,9 +159,17 @@ class WorkPipeline():
         if not sim_pubid:
             return None
 
-        return self.issue_db.lookup_issue(sim_pubid=sim_pubid, volume=release.volume, issue=release.issue)
+        return self.issue_db.lookup_issue(
+            sim_pubid=sim_pubid, volume=release.volume, issue=release.issue
+        )
 
-    def fetch_sim(self, issue_db_row: SimIssueRow, issue_db_pub_row: SimPubRow, pages: str, release_ident: str) -> Optional[Any]:
+    def fetch_sim(
+        self,
+        issue_db_row: SimIssueRow,
+        issue_db_pub_row: SimPubRow,
+        pages: str,
+        release_ident: str,
+    ) -> Optional[Any]:
         """
         issue_item 
         pages: str
@@ -169,17 +192,17 @@ class WorkPipeline():
 
         leaf_index = dict()
         leaf_list = []
-        if not 'page_numbers' in issue_meta:
+        if not "page_numbers" in issue_meta:
             # TODO: warn
             return None
-        for entry in issue_meta['page_numbers'].get('pages', []):
-            page_num = entry['pageNumber']
-            leaf_index[entry['leafNum']] = page_num
+        for entry in issue_meta["page_numbers"].get("pages", []):
+            page_num = entry["pageNumber"]
+            leaf_index[entry["leafNum"]] = page_num
             if not (page_num and page_num.isdigit()):
                 continue
             page_num = int(page_num)
             if page_num >= first_page and page_num <= last_page:
-                leaf_list.append(entry['leafNum'])
+                leaf_list.append(entry["leafNum"])
 
         if not leaf_list:
             return None
@@ -190,16 +213,22 @@ class WorkPipeline():
 
         # override 'close()' method so we can still read out contents
         djvu_bytes = io.BytesIO()
-        djvu_bytes.close = lambda: None     # type: ignore
+        djvu_bytes.close = lambda: None  # type: ignore
         assert issue_item_djvu.download(fileobj=djvu_bytes) == True
         djvu_bytes.seek(0)
         djvu_xml = io.StringIO(djvu_bytes.read().decode("UTF-8"))
-        del(djvu_bytes)
+        del djvu_bytes
 
         leaf_dict = djvu_extract_leaf_texts(djvu_xml, only_leaves=leaf_list)
 
         for leaf_num, raw_text in leaf_dict.items():
-            page_texts.append(dict(page_num=leaf_index.get(leaf_num), leaf_num=leaf_num, raw_text=raw_text))
+            page_texts.append(
+                dict(
+                    page_num=leaf_index.get(leaf_num),
+                    leaf_num=leaf_num,
+                    raw_text=raw_text,
+                )
+            )
 
         return dict(
             issue_item=issue_db_row.issue_item,
@@ -220,7 +249,7 @@ class WorkPipeline():
         pref_idents = fulltext_pref_list(releases)
         release_dict = dict([(r.ident, r) for r in releases])
 
-        #print(f"pref_idents={pref_idents}", file=sys.stderr)
+        # print(f"pref_idents={pref_idents}", file=sys.stderr)
 
         # find best accessible fatcat file
         grobid_fulltext: Optional[Any] = None
@@ -244,12 +273,12 @@ class WorkPipeline():
         sim_issue: Optional[Any] = None
         for ident in pref_idents:
             release = release_dict[ident]
-            #print(f"{release.extra}\n{release.pages}", file=sys.stderr)
+            # print(f"{release.extra}\n{release.pages}", file=sys.stderr)
             if not release.pages:
                 continue
             # TODO: in the future, will use release.extra.ia.sim.sim_pubid for lookup
             sim_issue = self.lookup_sim(release)
-            #print(f"release_{release.ident}: sim_issue={sim_issue}", file=sys.stderr)
+            # print(f"release_{release.ident}: sim_issue={sim_issue}", file=sys.stderr)
             if not sim_issue:
                 continue
             sim_pub = self.issue_db.lookup_pub(sim_issue.sim_pubid)
@@ -257,7 +286,9 @@ class WorkPipeline():
                 continue
             # XXX: control flow tweak?
             try:
-                sim_fulltext = self.fetch_sim(sim_issue, sim_pub, release.pages, release.ident)
+                sim_fulltext = self.fetch_sim(
+                    sim_issue, sim_pub, release.pages, release.ident
+                )
             except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError as e:
                 print(str(e), file=sys.stderr)
                 continue
@@ -300,13 +331,16 @@ class WorkPipeline():
                 ib = self.process_release_list(batch)
                 print(ib.json())
                 batch_work_id = None
-            batch = [release,]
+            batch = [
+                release,
+            ]
             batch_work_id = release.work_id
 
         if batch:
             ib = self.process_release_list(batch)
             print(ib.json())
 
+
 def main():
     """
     Run this command like:
@@ -315,31 +349,46 @@ def main():
     """
 
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter)
+        formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter
+    )
     subparsers = parser.add_subparsers()
 
-    parser.add_argument("--issue-db-file",
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--issue-db-file",
         help="sqlite3 database file to open",
-        default='data/issue_db.sqlite',
-        type=str)
-    parser.add_argument("--sandcrawler-db-api",
+        default="data/issue_db.sqlite",
+        type=str,
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--sandcrawler-db-api",
         help="Sandcrawler Postgrest API endpoint",
-        default='http://aitio.us.archive.org:3030',
-        type=str)
-    parser.add_argument("--sandcrawler-s3-api",
+        default="http://aitio.us.archive.org:3030",
+        type=str,
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--sandcrawler-s3-api",
         help="Sandcrawler S3 (minio/seaweedfs) API endpoint",
-        default='aitio.us.archive.org:9000',
-        type=str)
+        default="aitio.us.archive.org:9000",
+        type=str,
+    )
 
-    sub = subparsers.add_parser('run_releases',
-        help="takes expanded release entity JSON, sorted by work_ident")
-    sub.set_defaults(func='run_releases')
-    sub.add_argument("json_file",
+    sub = subparsers.add_parser(
+        "run_releases", help="takes expanded release entity JSON, sorted by work_ident"
+    )
+    sub.set_defaults(func="run_releases")
+    sub.add_argument(
+        "json_file",
         help="release entities, as JSON-lines",
-        nargs='?', default=sys.stdin, type=argparse.FileType('r'))
-    sub.add_argument("--fulltext-cache-dir",
+        nargs="?",
+        default=sys.stdin,
+        type=argparse.FileType("r"),
+    )
+    sub.add_argument(
+        "--fulltext-cache-dir",
         help="path of local directory with pdftotext fulltext (and thumbnails)",
-        default=None, type=str)
+        default=None,
+        type=str,
+    )
 
     args = parser.parse_args()
     if not args.__dict__.get("func"):
@@ -348,20 +397,23 @@ def main():
 
     wp = WorkPipeline(
         issue_db=IssueDB(args.issue_db_file),
-        sandcrawler_db_client=SandcrawlerPostgrestClient(api_url=args.sandcrawler_db_api),
+        sandcrawler_db_client=SandcrawlerPostgrestClient(
+            api_url=args.sandcrawler_db_api
+        ),
         sandcrawler_s3_client=SandcrawlerMinioClient(
             host_url=args.sandcrawler_s3_api,
-            access_key=os.environ.get('MINIO_ACCESS_KEY'),
-            secret_key=os.environ.get('MINIO_SECRET_KEY'),
+            access_key=os.environ.get("MINIO_ACCESS_KEY"),
+            secret_key=os.environ.get("MINIO_SECRET_KEY"),
         ),
         fulltext_cache_dir=args.fulltext_cache_dir,
     )
 
-    if args.func == 'run_releases':
+    if args.func == "run_releases":
         wp.run_releases(args.json_file)
     else:
         func = getattr(wp, args.func)
         func()
 
-if __name__=="__main__":
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()
diff --git a/tests/test_djvu_parse.py b/tests/test_djvu_parse.py
index abf5a4c..1f23de2 100644
--- a/tests/test_djvu_parse.py
+++ b/tests/test_djvu_parse.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 import io
 from fatcat_scholar.djvu import djvu_extract_leaf_texts
 
@@ -6,10 +5,10 @@ from fatcat_scholar.djvu import djvu_extract_leaf_texts
 def test_djvu_extract_leaf_texts():
 
     # https://archive.org/details/ERIC_ED441501
-    with open('tests/files/ERIC_ED441501_djvu.xml', 'r') as f:
+    with open("tests/files/ERIC_ED441501_djvu.xml", "r") as f:
         blob = f.read()
 
-    leaves = djvu_extract_leaf_texts(io.StringIO(blob), [3,6])
+    leaves = djvu_extract_leaf_texts(io.StringIO(blob), [3, 6])
     assert 3 in leaves
     assert 6 in leaves
     assert "2. Original cataloging tools" in leaves[3]
diff --git a/tests/test_scrub.py b/tests/test_scrub.py
index 6c357ae..5929b65 100644
--- a/tests/test_scrub.py
+++ b/tests/test_scrub.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 import pytest
 
 from fatcat_scholar.schema import *
@@ -6,10 +5,12 @@ from fatcat_scholar.schema import *
 
 def test_scrub():
     vectors = [
-        ('“Please clean this piece… of text</b>„', '"Please clean this piece... of text"'),
+        (
+            "“Please clean this piece… of text</b>„",
+            '"Please clean this piece... of text"',
+        ),
         ("<jats:p>blah", "blah"),
     ]
 
     for raw, fixed in vectors:
         assert fixed == scrub_text(raw)
-
diff --git a/tests/test_transform.py b/tests/test_transform.py
index 3c29d18..d831f47 100644
--- a/tests/test_transform.py
+++ b/tests/test_transform.py
@@ -1,28 +1,34 @@
-
 import pytest
 from fatcat_openapi_client import ReleaseEntity
 
 from fatcat_scholar.schema import *
 from fatcat_scholar.api_entities import *
 
+
 def test_es_release_from_release():
 
-    with open('tests/files/release_hsmo6p4smrganpb3fndaj2lon4.json', 'r') as f:
+    with open("tests/files/release_hsmo6p4smrganpb3fndaj2lon4.json", "r") as f:
         release = entity_from_json(f.read(), ReleaseEntity)
-    
+
     obj = es_release_from_release(release)
     d = json.loads(obj.json())
 
-    assert obj.ident == release.ident == d['ident'] == "hsmo6p4smrganpb3fndaj2lon4"
+    assert obj.ident == release.ident == d["ident"] == "hsmo6p4smrganpb3fndaj2lon4"
     assert obj.doi_registrar == "crossref"
     assert obj.doi_prefix == "10.7717"
 
+
 def test_es_biblio_from_release():
 
-    with open('tests/files/release_hsmo6p4smrganpb3fndaj2lon4.json', 'r') as f:
+    with open("tests/files/release_hsmo6p4smrganpb3fndaj2lon4.json", "r") as f:
         release = entity_from_json(f.read(), ReleaseEntity)
-    
+
     obj = es_biblio_from_release(release)
     d = json.loads(obj.json())
 
-    assert obj.release_ident == release.ident == d['release_ident'] == "hsmo6p4smrganpb3fndaj2lon4"
+    assert (
+        obj.release_ident
+        == release.ident
+        == d["release_ident"]
+        == "hsmo6p4smrganpb3fndaj2lon4"
+    )